Helles, Cape see uakdanklles,
GALLIPOLI.
Henry Farman F20 (French, WWI). Two/three-seat general-purpose/trainer. Prototype flew summer 1912. In service with Belgian, French and Royal Flying Corps units from spring 1913. Early RFC experiments with machine guns from June 1913. Eleven to France with rfc August 1914; operational use brief but long service as trainer thereafter. Production in England, Belgium, Russia. One 80hp Gnome/Le Rhone engine; max. speed 65mph (104kph); improvised armament of rifle, revolvers, some small bombs.
Hercules, Lockheed C-130 (US). Tactical transport/flight-refuelling tanker; crew 4/5. Prototype flew August 23 1954; first production deliveries to US Tactical Air Command December 9 1956. Phenomenally successful: by 1987 had been delivered to 57 nations; production had exceeded 1,800. Many sub-types developed, including special-role variants for usaf, usn Navy, uscM. Four 4,508ehp Allison T56-A-15 engines; max. speed 384mph (618kph); max. payload 92 troops, 64 paratroops or 74 stretchers with two attendants.
Hermes. British aircraft carriers. (1) In 1913, the old cruiser Hermes was converted to operate seaplanes - the first British carrier. Sunk by U-boat in 1914. (2) The first aircraft carrier designed and built as such. Sunk by Japanese bombers off Ceylon, 1942. (3) Light fleet carrier, served as Adm Woodward’s flagship in the Falklands War (1982); now sold to India as the Virant.
Hermon, Mount see arab-israeli WARS.
Herr, Lt Gen Traugott (1890
1976). Ger. Commander LXXVI Panzer Corps in the Italian campaign until November 1944; then temporary Commander Fourteenth Army before taking over Tenth Army, February 1945.
Hess, Rudolf (1894-1987). Ger. Joined the Nazi Party in 1920; helped Hitler write Mein Kampf during their imprisonment at Landsberg after the Munich
Rudolf Hess: Hitler’s absconding deputy
Putsch. Hitler’s private secretary 1925-32; appointed Deputy Leader, April 21 1933. Thereafter received other senior posts; nominated as Hitler’s successor after Goring. On May 10 1941, acting on his own initiative, he flew himself to Scotland, hoping that a casual acquaintanceship with the Duke of Hamilton would enable him to be received by the British government for peace negotiations. Instead, Hess was imprisoned for the rest of the war and at Nuremberg was sentenced to life imprisonment. Held at Spandau prison in Berlin, he committed suicide in 1987. MS.
Heusinger, Gen Adolf (b. l897). Ger. Chief of Operations Section, German Army General Staff,
1940-44; Chairman, nato Military Committee, 1961-1964.
Hewitt, Adm Henry Kent (18871972). US. Amphibious warfare expert; directed Atlantic Fleet amphibious training, 1942. Commanded US naval forces in “Torch” landings and Sicily invasion; headed Allied naval forces at Salerno, Anzio and landings in Southern France.
Heydrich, Reinhard (1904-42). Ger. Cashiered from German navy for immoral conduct 1931, thereupon joined Nazi SS; at once made head of security; organized concentration camps from 1933; initiated “Final Solution” of Jewish question; appointed Reichsprotektor in Prague 1941; mortally wounded there by two Czechoslovak soe agents. May 1942.
Hickam Field see pearl harbor.
High Wood. Situated on the brow of a rise behind and between Bazen-tin le Petit and Delville Wood on the Somme battlefield, High Wood was in the rear of the German second main defensive line south of the Albert-Bapaume Road in July 1916. Having wasted an apparent opportunity to gain a foothold in the wood immediately after the successful dawn attack in the sector on July 14 1916, the British were forced to engage in a costly two-month struggle for this important position. The wood was finally cleared by the 47th (London) Division, September 15 1916.
Hill 861 see HILL FIGHTS, VIETNAM.
Hill 70. This prominent knoll, overlooking Lens in France, was attacked, though not held, by British troops of the 15th (Scottish) and Guards Divisions during the Battle of Loos, September 1915. It was eventually captured by the Canadian Corps in August 1917.
Hill 875 see DAK TO, BATTLE OF.
Hill 881 see HILL FIGHTS, VIETNAM.
Hill 937 see A SHAU, BATTLES OF.
Hill Fights, Vietnam (1967). In April-May 1967, US Marines and troops of the People’s Army of Vietnam (pavn) battled for control of Hills 861, 881 North and 881 South around Khe Sanh combat base. The Marines triggered the fights by discovering a regiment of the PAVN 325C Division that was preparing to attack Khe Sanh. The Marines needed massive air and artillery support to push the pavn off the hills, with heavy losses on both sides.
Hill, Vice Adm Harry Wilbur
(1890—1971). US. Hill commanded the heavy cruiser Wichita, escorting North Atlantic convoys, in
1942. In the Pacific, he led Battleship Division 4 in naval actions at Guadalcanal, 1942, and covered the landings on New Georgia, Solomons, July 1943. Thereafter he commanded amphibious groups at Tarawa, Kwajalein-Eniwetok and supervised the Saipan and the Tinian landings, July-August 1944, and Okinawa, 1945. He directed the occupation of southern Japan, September-October 1945.
World History
