The naval war followed a vastly different rhythm from the war on land.
A short spurt of violence at the start of the conflict was followed by a
prolonged period in which the warring fleets merely skirmished. In stopand-
go fashion, Germany used submarines to attack merchant vessels
during the first two years of the conflict. The war of surface fleets rose to a
brief crescendo in 1916 with the Battle of Jutland. But the conflict's naval
climax came only in 1917, when the submarine, and the war against the
submarine, dominated the picture.