Ing changes from line to line. Although monuments with Hittite hieroglyphs were Itnown since 1870, tlieir decipherment was significantly favored by the discovery in 1947 of the Phoenician-Luwian bilingual inscription from Karatepe in Cilicia, dating from the eightli century. [&c Karatepe Phoenician Inscriptions.]
[See also Egyptian; andLuwians.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gardiner, Alan H. Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3d ed. Oxford, 1957. Still the basic handbook for the study of the Egyptian language and writing system.
Gelb, Ignace J. A Study of Writing. 2d ed. Chicago and London, 1963. The most authoritative, though idiosyncratic, work on the origin and development of writing systems throughout the world.
Hawkins, J. D., et al. Hittite Hieroglyphs and Luwian: New Evidence for the Connection. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Gottingen, Philologische-Historische Klasse, no. 6. Gottingen, 1974. The Hieroglyphics of Harapollo. Translated and introduced by George Boas. Bollingen Series, 23. New York, 1950. An ancient compendium of bogus hieroglyphs with fantastic explanations that led to the symbolic interpretation. The introduction is a superb and succinct summary.
Hoch, James E. Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. Princeton, 1994. Monumental analysis of the evidence for the writing of foreign words in Egyptian, with particular attention devoted to syllabic orthography.
Iverson, Erik. The Myth of Egypt and Its Hieroglyphs in European Tradition. Copenhagen, 1961. Study of the symbolic interpretation of hieroglyphs from late antiquity through the nineteenth century and their impact on European civilization.
Lacau, Pierre. Stir le systeme hieroglyphique. Cairo, 1954. Typological study of the nature and structure of tine Egyptian writing system. Laroche, Emmanuel. Les hieroglyphes hittites, part i, L’ecriture. Paris, i960. The first complete study of Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions. Meriggi, Piero. Manuale di eteogeroglifico. 3 vols. Incunabula Graeca, vols. 13-15. Rome, 1966-1975. Thorough handbook for the study of Luwian hieroglyphs.
Vakurs phonetiques des signes hieroglyphiques d'epoque greco-romaine. 3 vols. Montpellier, 1988-1990.The product of many years ofresearch by an international team, this work is the necessary companion for the reading of the complex hieroglyphic signs of the Greco-Roman period.
World History
