1. For two recent assessments of Austro-Hungarian policy, see Schroeder, PW, 2007, 'Stealing Horses to Great Applause: Austria-Hungary's Decision in 1914 in Systemic Perspective', and Williamson, Jr, S. R., 2007, 'Aggressive and Defensive Aims of Political Elites? Austro-Hungarian Policy in 1914', in H. Afflerbach and D. Stevenson (eds), An Improbable War? The Outbreak of World War I and European Political Culture before 1914, New York and Oxford, 17-42, 61-74.
2. Geyer, D., 1987, Russian Imperialism: The Interaction of Domestic and Foreign Policy 1860-1914, Leamington Spa, Hamburg and New York, 308.
3. Lieven, D. C.B., 1983, Russia and the Origins of the First World War, Basingstoke and London, 27-30, 45-6.
4. Figures in Herwig, H. H., 1997, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918, London, New York, Sydney and Auckland, 86-9, 94, 129.
5. For a recent confirmation of this judgement, see Dowling, T. C., 2008, The Brusilov Offensive, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN, 167-8.
6. St Petersburg had been renamed on the outbreak of war because it sounded too Germanic.
7. Quoted in Petrovich, M. B., 1976, A History of Modern Serbia 1804-1918, vol. II, New York, 630.
8. Zeman, Z. A.B., 1977 [1961], The Break-Up of the Habsburg Empire 1914-1918: A Study in National and Social Revolution, New York, 44.
9. Quoted in Zeman, The Break-Up of the Habsburg Empire, 53; Cornwall, M., 2000, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary: The Battle for Hearts and Minds, Basingstoke and London, 438-44.
10. Lukowski, J. and Zawadzki, H., 2001, A Concise History of Poland, Cambridge, 192.
11. Quoted in Sharp, A., 1991, The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919, Basingstoke and London, 14.
World History
