1. Kent Nerburn, Chief Joseph and the Flight of the Nez Perce: The Untold Story of an American Tragedy (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005) 55.
2. Helen Addison Howard, Saga of Chief Joseph (1941; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1978) 81.
3. Chief Joseph, “An American Indian’s View of Indian Affairs,” North American Review (April 1879); reprinted in Chief Joseph’s Own Story (St. Paul: Great Northern Railway, 1925) 15.
4. O. O. Howard, Nez Perce Joseph: An Account of His Ancestors, His Lands, His Confederates, His Enemies, His Murders, His War, His Pursuit and Capture (1881; New York: Da Capo Press, 1972) 29; O. O. Howard, My Life and Experiences Among Our Hostile Indians (1907; New York: Da Capo Press, 1972) 239.
5. Helen Addison Howard 106.
6. O. O. Howard, Nez Perce Joseph 164; Jerome A. Greene, Nez Perce Summer, 1877: The U. S. Army and the Nee-Me-Poo Crisis (Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 2000) 97.
7. Greene 111.
8. Nerburn 181, 187.
9. Elliott West, The Last Indian War: The Nez Perce Story (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009) 248.
10. O. O. Howard, My Life and Personal Experiences Among Our Hostile Indians 297.
11. Lucullus Virgil, Hear Me, My Chiefs, ed. Ruth Bordin (Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1952) 473-74.
12. Nelson A. Miles, Personal Recollections and Observations of General Nelson A. Miles (1896; New York: Da Capo Press, 1969) 272-73.
13. Nerburn 267-68; “Howard’s Official Report, December 27, 1877,” Report of the Secretary of War, 1877, I, 630.
14. Helen Addison Howard 333; West 181-82.
15. Nelson A. Miles, Serving the Republic: Memoirs of the Civil and Military Life of Nelson A. Miles (1911; Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1971) 181.
16. Nerburn 336.
World History
