Barbero, Alessandro. Charlemagne: Father of a Continent. Translated by Allan Cameron. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Becher, Matthias. Charlemagne. Translated by David S. Bachrach. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
Collins, Roger. Charlemagne. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Dutton, Paul Edward. Carolingian Civilization: A Reader. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures Series, 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.
Einhard. The Life of Charlemagne. Translated by David Ganz. New York: Penguin Books, 2008.
Hyde, Douglas. The Conquests of Charlemagne from The Book of Lismore. Vol. 19. Dublin: Irish Texts Society, 1919.
McKitterick, Rosamund. Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages, 476-918. 6th ed. London: Rivingtons, 1914.
Riche, Pierre. The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe. Translated by Michael Idomir Allen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.
Scholz, Bernhard Walter, with Barbara Rogers. Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1970. (Comprises the Annales regni Francorum and The History of the Sons of Louis the Pious.)
Sypeck, Jeff. Becoming Charlemagne: Europe, Baghdad, and the Empires of A. D. 800. New York: Ecco/HarperCollins, 2006.
Wilson, Derek. Charlemagne: The Great Adventure. London: Hutchinson, 2005.
World History
