Malcolm Barber, The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050-1320 (2nd edn., London, 2004), provides a general account with chapters on the areas covered here. Robert Bartlett, The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonisation and Cultural Change, 950-1350 (Harmondsworth, 1993), focuses on the process of expansion. Literature in English does not provide full coverage of central and northern Europe. Jean W. Sedlar, East Central Europe in the Middle Ages 1000-1500 (Seattle and London, 1994), is an overall introduction, including the Balkans. On Bohemia, Marvin Kantor, The Origins of Christianity in Bohemia (Evanston, IL, 1990), provides primary sources in translation, and Lisa Wolverton, Hastening toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands (Philadelphia, 2001), analyses political and social development. On Hungary, Pal Engel, The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526, trans. A. Ayton (London, 2001), offers a comprehensive introduction; see also Nora Berend, At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims and ‘Pagans’ in Medieval Hungary, c.1000-c.1300 (Cambridge, 2001). On Poland, the relevant chapters of Aleksander Gieysztor et al., History of Poland (Warsaw, 1968), and W. F. Reddaway et al., The Cambridge History of Poland (Cambridge, 1950), are still the most useful general introductions, while Tadeusz Manteuffel, The Formation of the Polish State: The Period of Ducal Rule963-1194 (Detroit, 1982), is a thorough analysis of early political history. For Lithuania, see S. C. Rowell, Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire within East-Central Europe 1295-1345 (Cambridge, 1994), and for Rus', see Jonathan Shepard and Simon Franklin, The Emergence of Rus' 750-1200 (London, 1996), and John Fennell, The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200-1304 (London and New York, 1983).
On Scandinavia, Birgit and Peter Sawyer, Medieval Scandinavia: From Conversion to Reformation circa 800-1500 (Minneapolis, 1993),
Provides a good overview with bibliography; The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, i (Prehistory to 1520), ed. Knut Helle (Cambridge, 2003), offers in-depth thematic chapters; and Phillip Pulsiano (ed.), Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia (New York, 1993), is a useful reference work. For Latin Christian expansion in the Baltic, see Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades: The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier 1100-1525 (2nd edn., London, 1997); William Urban, The Baltic Crusade (2nd edn., Chicago, 1994); and Alan V. Murray (ed.), Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier 1150-1500 (Aldershot, 2001), 3-20. Literature on Iberia is proliferating, but for overviews Joseph F. O’Callaghan, A History of Medieval Spain (Ithaca, NY, and London, 1975); Derek W. Lomax, The Reconquest of Spain (London and New York, 1978); and Angus MacKay, Spain in the Middle Ages: From Frontier to Empire 1000-1500 (London, 1977), remain the most useful; see also T. N. Bisson, The Medieval Crown of Aragon (Oxford, 1986). For southern Italy and Sicily, see Graham A. Loud, The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Norman Conquest (Harlow, 2000); Alex Metcalf, Muslims and Christians in Norman Sicily (London, 2002); and David Abulafia (ed.), Italy in the Central Middle Ages (Oxford, 2004).
Literature on the crusades is vast. The following books provide a comprehensive introduction and contain good bibliographies: Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History (London, 1987), and Jonathan Riley-Smith (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford, 1997). Norman Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (2nd edn., Oxford, 1993), analyses interaction with Muslims. For the nature of ‘Latin’ society in the Levant, see Ronnie Ellenblum, Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Cambridge, 1998); for Frankish settlement in Byzantium, see Peter Lock, The Franks in the Aegean 1204-1500 (London, 1995), and Peter W. Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 11911374 (Cambridge, 1991). On travels, missions, and discoveries, see J. R. S. Phillips, The Medieval Expansion of Europe (2nd edn., Oxford, 1998), and Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonisation from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic 1229-1492 (Basingstoke, 1987).
World History
