Dress

The two sides were distinguished by sash colours. Royalist officers, cavalry and pikes wearing red or rose. Parliamentarians generally orange-tawny. However, there are instances of Parliamentarians wearing red sashes, and senior officers are sometimes shown wearing blue. Infantry regiments seem in many cases to have worn coats (and sometimes also trousers and caps) of a regimental colour (see table), but both armies had their units in red, in blue and so on, so this would be of limited use for recognising one’s own side in battle. Distinctions

Infantry flags: a John Hampden's Regiment (Parliament): probably green. Colonel's Colour (normally plain, but could carry motto, as here), b Colonel Charles Gerard's Regiment (Royaiist). Lt-Colonel's Colour (ie plain, but with St George's cross). Biue and yeliow. c New Modei Army — Red Regiment. Major's Colour (as Lt-Colonel, plus 'stream'). Red, white stream, d Coionel Talbot's Regiment (Royalist). 1st Captain's Colour (one device, in this case a dog, on the fieid). Yeliow. e Colonel John Lamp-lugh's Regiment (Royaiist). 2nd Captain's Coiour (two devices). Yellow, black crosses. f Lord Saye and Sale's Regiment (Parliament). 3rd Captain's Colour (three devices). Blue, gold lions, g 2nd Regiment of London Trained Bands (Colonel Pennington) and New Model Army, White Regiment. 4th Captain's Colour (four devices). White, rose lozenges, h Sir John Gall's Regiment (Parliament). 5th Captain's Colour (five devices). Yellow, blue stars, i Tower Hamlets Regiment, London Trained Bands. 6th Captain's Colour (six devices). Red, white discs. j Lord Brook's Regiment (Parliament). 7th Captain's Colour (seven devices). Purple, k King's Life Guard. Captain's Colour. Red, gold lion etc. In all these cases, the St George's cross is red on white. It should be noted that nearly all these flags are based on written descriptions, some incomplete, and while colour and type of device are correct, there may be errors in detail or arrangement. I Dragoons — 2nd Captain's guidon. Dragoons had fringed guidons like this, but generally following the standard infantry system. Cavalry flags: m Earl of Essex (Parliament). Cornet. Orange-tawny.

Such as plumes and hat-bands in the sash colours are sometimes mentioned but again weren’t universal, so it was still necessary to adopt afield-word and field-sign, such as the white bands or white papers in their hats employed by the Parliamentarians at Marston Moor.

Low, laced shoes of brown or black were worn by the infantry. Stockings were usually grey (and sometimes with an outer pair hanging baggily round the angle). Very voluminous breeches, usually secured at the knee with a ribbon, and sometimes of regimental colour, were often decorated with a coloured strip with contrasting edging and a row of buttons, at each side. Coats too could be decorated with ribbons or striped rolls at the shoulder, or with bands of ‘lace’ edging at border, button holes or on sleeves (thus, some Royalist whitecoats at Marston Moor had red and blue lace in a cross on their sleeves), and often had a contrasting lining, though this would not show much, as lapels, skirts and cuffs were not usually turned back at this time. Nearly all troops would show large white cuffs and turn-down collars (often lace for officers), and headgear included broad-brimmed felt hats (usually grey or black, with plumes most often in black or white), knitted ‘Monmouth caps’, and the rather mysterious ‘Montero’.

Officers were distinguished as usual in the period, by more ornate clothing, including lace collars and cuffs, gold lace bands on hats and clothing, and inlaid armour. Musi-

Sore this motto only, but not necessarily arranged in exactly this way. n Lord Cape! (Royalist). Cornet. Sceptre and crown gold, on a blue flag, o Cornet. A Royalist Captain of Horse. Very suitable for wargamers! p A Company colour of Rupert's Bluecoats. Black and white. All had varying numbers of black rings placed diagonally running downward from the staff, and black triangles in varying arrangements. This looks as though It might be the 1st Captain's Colour. q Major Guntier (Parliament). Top yellow, flag probably red. Armour grey and gold, sword silver, hilt gold, hand flesh, r Earl of Stamford (Parliament). Blue, motto black on white, s Colonel Lambert (Parliament). Blue. Column and sleeves yellow, crown gold and red, hand flesh, motto black on white, land brown, t Major Ludlow (Parliament). Probably green. Bible white, other devices goid. u Lord Lucas (Royalist), v Royalist Cornet 1644. White, red cross, blue and white fringe (reconstructed), w Royalist Cornet. 1644. Black with black and yellow fringe (reconstructed), x Marquis of Winchester (Royalist), y Royal Standard. Fleur de lys and harp gold on blue. Scots lion and border red on gold. English leopards gold on red. Tails, if present, were probabiy red.