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 The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 
 Author: Alexander P. Kazhdan The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Volume 2) Oxford University Press ISBN: 0195046528 1991 Format: PDF Size: 64,5 МБ Language: English The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium is a three-volume, comprehensive dictionary of Byzantine civilization. The first resource of its kind in the field, it features over 5,000 entries written by an international group of eminent Byzantinists covering all aspects of life in the Byzantine world. According to Alexander Kazhdan, editor-in-chief of the Dictionary: "Entries on patriarchy and emperors will coexist with entries on surgery and musical instruments.
Roman Britain: A New History
 Author: Guy de la Bédoyère Roman Britain: A New History (Second edition) Thames & Hudson 2014 Format: epub, pdf Size: 128.9 Mb, 76 Mb Language: English This illuminating account of Britain as a Roman province sets the Roman conquest and occupation of the island within the larger context of Romano-British society and how it functioned. The author first outlines events from the Iron Age period immediately preceding the conquest in AD 43 to the emperor Honorius’s advice to the Britons in 410 to fend for themselves. He then tackles the issues facing Britons after the absorption of their culture by an invading army, including the role of government and the military in the province, religion, commerce, technology, and daily life. For this revised edition, the text, illustrations, and bibliography have been updated to reflect the latest discoveries and research in recent years. The superb illustrations feature reconstruction drawings, dramatic aerial views of Roman remains, and images of Roman villas, mosaics, coins, pottery, and sculpture. 285 illustrations, 75 in color
The Holy Land
 Author: Collective The Holy Land (Lost Civilizations Series) Time-Life Books 1992 Format: PDF Pages: 176 Language: English Size: 39.1 MB CONTENTS: Terrain and Testament: Digging for the Bible "A Painter's Pilgrimage" Cities of the Promised Land "The Many Ages of Ashkelon" Jerusalem: The Dream and the Nightmare "Ther Treasures of Qumran" In the Footsteps of Jesus "Herod: The Master Builder"
Rome's Imperial Economy: Twelve Essays
 Author: W. V. Harris Rome's Imperial Economy: Twelve Essays Oxford University Press 2011 Pages: 384 ISBN: 019959516X Format: PDF Size: 4 MB Language: English Imperial Rome has a name for wealth and luxury, but was the economy of the Roman Empire as a whole a success, by the standards of pre-modern economies? In this volume W. V. Harris brings together eleven previously published papers on this much-argued subject, with additional comments to bring them up to date. A new study of poverty and destitution provides a fresh perspective on the question of the Roman Empire's economic performance, and a substantial introduction ties the collection together. Harris tackles difficult but essential questions, such as how slavery worked, what role the state played, whether the Romans had a sophisticated monetary system, what it was like to be poor, whether they achieved sustained economic growth. He shows that in spite of notably sophisticated economic institutions and the spectacular wealth of a few, the Roman economy remained incorrigibly pre-modern and left a definite segment of the population high and dry.
The Archaeology of North America
 The Archaeology of North America Author: Dean Snow, Werner Forman ACLS Humanities Graduation Year: 2009 Language: English Quality: excellent Format: Pdf Pages: 288 Size: 41 Mb
Historical Dictionary of Ancient Israel
 Historical Dictionary of Ancient Israel Author: Niels Peter Lemche The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Graduation Year: 2003 ISBN: 0810848481 Pages: 314 Format: pdf Size : 11,1 mb Language: English This reference examines sources in the Old Testament and surveys the findings of recent archaeological research. It includes entries on the significant persons, places and events; covers the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah and what role they played in the ancient world; and defines them as closely as possible according to the latest data. Readers will find that, while the results may differ from traditional views, they are essential correctives.
Teotihuacan: Art from the City of the Gods
 Teotihuacan - Art from the city of the gods Thames & Hudson Ltd Author: Kathleen Berrin (Editor), Esther Pasztory (Editor) August 3, 1993 Pages:256 Language:English Format:pdf Size:44,4 Mb Fifteen hundred years ago, Teotihuacan was one of the world's greatest cities. Some 200,000 people lived in this Mexican metropolis, with its massive public buildings, grid plan of streets and imposing murals and sculpture. Its trading empire dominated much of ancient Mexico. Then, in the 8th century, came a mysterious collapse. Even knowledge of the original name was lost: Teotihuacan, "City of the Gods", was a title bestowed by the Aztecs six hundred years later. Published in conjunction with an exhibition organized by The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, this volume brings together for the first time the fruits of researches that are at last unveiling Teotihuacan. Over a dozen distinguished scholars examine every aspect of the city's culture, from its role as an urban centre, its religion and writing system, to its imposing pyramid-temples and superlative art. A splendid array of rarely seen masterpieces, from jewellery, greenstone masks and elegant blackware to figurines and elaborate wall paintings, provides visual proof of the magnificence of Teotihuacan's culture.
Pharaoh's Flowers: The Botanical Treasures of Tutankhamun
 Pharaoh's Flowers: The Botanical Treasures of Tutankhamun, 2nd Edition Author: F. Nigel Hepper KWS Publishers 2009 ISBN: 098177363X Pages: 101 Language: English Format: PDF Size: 19 MB As the golden face of Tutankhamun was found garlanded with fresh flowers exquisitely preserved for 3,000 years, the plants of ancient Egypt are brought back to life in this botanical exploration of the Pharaoh's tomb. Usually ignored by grave robbers intent on gold, the baskets, fabrics, papyri, timber, unguent vases, and model granaries filled to the brim with seeds that were buried with Tutankhamun have survived, completely intact, and each chapter of the book carries detailed descriptions of the plant species found or represented in the tomb, including emmer, fenugreek, chickpea, and types of reed and grass. F. Nigel Hepper groups the plants according to their uses, with categories such as Flowers and Leaves; Oils, Resins, and Perfumes; and Papyrus, Flax, and Other Fibrous Plants. This new edition of the fascinating book that was first published in 1990 has been fully updated to take into account recent finds and interpretations, and it features a revised and annotated further reading section, now with a guide to websites; a glossary of botanical terms; a new diagram of the tomb; additional illustrations; and a Bible references section, keyed to the main text and with quotations from the Old Testament that illuminate ancient botanical knowledge and practices.
The Complete Pyramids: Solving the Ancient Mysteries
 Title: The Complete Pyramids:Solving the Ancient Mysteries Author: Mark Lehner Publisher: Thames & Hudson Year: 1997 ISBN: 0500050848 Pages: 256 Format: PDF Language: English Size: 112 Mb Archetypal symbols of remote antiquity, the pyramids have for centuries inspired passionate theories about their origins, purpose, and method of construction. Now, in the first fully illustrated compendium of every major pyramid of ancient Egypt, Mark Lehner, a leading Egyptologist, surveys the history, building, and use of the pyramids in unprecedented detail. 450 illus. 100 in color.
Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua
 Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua Author: Matthew G. Looper University of Texas Press The Linda Schele Series in Maya and Pre-Columbian Studies 2014 ISBN-13: 978-0292742376 Pages: 279 Language: English Format: PDF (True) Size: 14 MB The ancient Maya city of Quirigua occupied a crossroads between Copan in the southeastern Maya highlands and the major centers of the Peten heartland. Though always a relatively small city, Quirigua stands out because of its public monuments, which were some of the greatest achievements of Classic Maya civilization. Impressive not only for their colossal size, high sculptural quality, and eloquent hieroglyphic texts, the sculptures of Quirigua are also one of the few complete, in situ series of Maya monuments anywhere, which makes them a crucial source of information about ancient Maya spirituality and political practice within a specific historical context. Using epigraphic, iconographic, and stylistic analyses, this study explores the integrated political-religious meanings of Quirigua's monumental sculptures during the eighth-century A.D. reign of the city's most famous ruler, K'ak' Tiliw. In particular, Matthew Looper focuses on the role of stelae and other sculpture in representing the persona of the ruler not only as a political authority but also as a manifestation of various supernatural entities with whom he was associated through ritual performance. By tracing this sculptural program from its Early Classic beginnings through the reigns of K'ak' Tiliw and his successors, and also by linking it to practices at Copan, Looper offers important new insights into the politico-religious history of Quirigua and its ties to other Classic Maya centers, the role of kingship in Maya society, and the development of Maya art.
Macchu Picchu: The Story of the Amazing Inkas
 Macchu Picchu: The Story of the Amazing Inkas and Their City in the Clouds Author: Elizabeth Mann, Amy Crehore (Illustrator) Mikaya Press Wonders of the World Book 2000 ISBN: 0965049396 Pages: 48 Language: English Format: PDF Size: 33 MB Using slingshots, clubs and stone-tipped spears, this small Andean tribe conquered an area spanning 2,500 miles. Without the use of the wheel, they built a vast and sophisticated network of roads. Without an alphabet, they administered a population of ten million people. With the most primitive of tools, they built cities of stone. Machu Picchu is as astonishing as its builders. Set in a remote, inaccessible area of the high Andes, this breathtaking city was never found by the Spanish Conquistadores. It is an untouched example of the genius of the Inkas.
The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and Its Mediterranean Context
 The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and Its Mediterranean Context Author: Shelley Wachsmann, Alexis Catsambis Texas A&M University Press Ed Rachal Foundation Nautical Archaeology Series 2012 ISBN: 1603444297 Pages: 354 Language: English Format: PDF Size: 68 MB When Shelley Wachsmann began his analysis of the small ship model excavated by assistants of famed Egyptologist W. M. F. Petrie in Gurob, Egypt, in 1920, he expected to produce a brief monograph that would shed light on the model and the ship type that it represented. Instead, Wachsmann discovered that the model held clues to the identities and cultures of the enigmatic Sea Peoples, to the religious practices of ancient Egypt and Greece, and to the oared ships used by the Bronze Age Mycenaean Greeks. Although found in Egypt, the prototype of the Gurob model was clearly an Aegean-style galley of a type used by both the Mycenaeans and the Sea Peoples. The model is the most detailed representation presently known of this vessel type, which played a major role in changing the course of world history. Contemporaneous textual evidence for Sherden—one of the Sea Peoples—settled in the region suggests that the model may be patterned after a galley of that culture. Bearing a typical Helladic bird-head decoration topping the stempost, with holes along the sheer strakes confirming the use of stanchions, the model was found with four wheels and other evidence for a wagon-like support structure, connecting it with European cultic prototypes.
Handbook of South American Archaeology
 Handbook of South American Archaeology Author: Helaine Silverman, William H. Isbell Springer 2008 ISBN: 0387749063 Pages: 1192 Language: English Format: PDF (E-book) Size: 37 MB The Handbook of South American Archaeology has been created as a major reference work for archaeologists working in South America, professors and their upper-division undergraduate and graduate students in South American archaeology courses including areal courses (Central Andes, North Andes, tropical lowlands), archaeologists working elsewhere in the world who want to learn about South American prehistory in a single volume. The contributions of this seminal handbook have been commissioned from leading local and global authorities on South America. Authors present the dynamic evolutionary processes of the ancient societies and principal geographical regions of the continent and consider issues such as environmental setting and ecological adaptations, social equality/inequality, identity formation, long-distance/intercultural interaction, religious systems and their material manifestations, ideological orientations, and political and economic organization as these developed over time.
Zondervan Atlas of the Bible
 Zondervan Atlas of the Bible Author: Carl G. Rasmussen Zondervan 2010 ISBN: 0310270502 Pages: 304 Language: English Format: EPUB Size: 28 MB Zondervan Atlas of the Bible … a thoroughly revised edition of the most comprehensive Bible atlas ever designed for • Students • Bible Study Groups • Adult Learners • Travelers/Pilgrims to the Lands of the Bible • Pastors • Teachers • All Lovers of the Bible This major revision of the Gold Medallion Award-winning Zondervan NIV Atlas of the Bible is a visual feast that will help you experience the geography and history of Scripture with unprecedented clarity. The first section of the Atlas introduces the "playing board" of biblical history—using three–dimensional maps and photographic images to help the lands of the Bible come alive. The next section, arranged historically, begins with Eden and traces the historical progression of the Old and New Testaments. It provides an engaging, accurate, and faithful companion to God’s Word—illuminating the text with over one hundred full-color, multidimensional maps created with the help of Digital Elevation Modeling data. It concludes with chapters on the history of Jerusalem, the disciplines of historical geography, and the most complete and accurate listing and discussion of place-names found in any atlas. Throughout the Atlas, innovative graphics, chronological charts, and over one hundred specially selected images help illuminate the geographical and historical context of biblical events. The Zondervan Atlas of the Bible is destined to become a favorite guide to biblical geography for students of the Bible. This accessible and complete resource will assist you as you enter into the world of the Bible as never before.
Caesar's Gallic Triumph: The Battle of Alesia 52BC
 Author: Peter Inker Caesar's Gallic Triumph: The Battle of Alesia 52BC Pen and Sword Military Campaign Chronicles 2008 Format: EPUB Pages: 192 Size: 4 Mb Language: English In 52 B.C. at Alesia in what is now Burgundy in France Julius Caesar pulled off one of the great feats of Roman arms. His heavily outnumbered army utterly defeated the combined forces of the Gallic tribes led by Vercingetorix and completed the Roman conquest of Gaul. The Alesia campaign, and the epic siege in which it culminated, was one of Caesar 's finest military achievements, and it has fascinated historians ever since.
The Legacy of Fort William Henry: Resurrecting the Past
 Author: David R. Starbuck The Legacy of Fort William Henry: Resurrecting the Past UPNE 2014 Format: epub/pdf Size: 33.9 Mb Language: English Fort William Henry, America’s early frontier fort at the southern end of Lake George, New York, was a flashpoint for conflict between the British and French empires in America. The fort is perhaps best known as the site of a massacre of British soldiers by Native Americans allied with the French that took place in 1757. Over the past decade, new and exciting archeological findings, in tandem with modern forensic methods, have changed our view of life at the fort prior to the massacre, by providing physical evidence of the role that Native Americans played on both sides of the conflict. Intertwining recent revelations with those of the past, Starbuck creates a lively narrative beginning with the earliest Native American settlement on Lake George. He pays special attention to the fort itself: its reconstruction in the 1950s, the major discoveries of the 1990s, and the archeological disclosures of the past few years. He further discusses the importance of forensic anthropology in uncovering the secrets of the past, reviews key artifacts discovered at the fort, and considers the relevance of Fort William Henry and its history in the twenty-first century. Three appendixes treat exhibits since the 1950s; foodways; and General Daniel Webb’s surrender letter of August 17, 1757.
A Short History of Byzantium
 Author: John Julius Norwich A Short History of Byzantium Vintage ISBN: 0679772693 1998 Format: PDF Size: 17,5 МБ Language: English Pages: 496 n this magisterial adaptation of his epic three-volume history of Byzantium, John Julius Norwich chronicles the world's longest-lived Christian empire. Beginning with Constantine the Great, who in a.d. 330 made Christianity the religion of his realm and then transferred its capital to the city that would bear his name, Norwich follows the course of eleven centuries of Byzantine statecraft and warfare, politics and theology, manners and art.
Letters to friends (Vol. I-III)
 Author: Cicero Letters to friends (Vol. I-III) Harvard University Press Language: /English 1927, 1928, 1929 (Reprint 1958, 1952, 1960) Format: PDF Size: 79,49 mb 578 + 682 + 800
Ashes, Images, and Memories: The Presence of the War Dead in Fifth-Century Athens
 Author: Nathan T. Arrington Ashes, Images, and Memories: The Presence of the War Dead in Fifth-Century Athens Oxford University Press 2014 Format: PDF Size: 24.5 Mb Language: English Ashes, Images, and Memories argues that the institution of public burial for the war dead and images of the deceased in civic and sacred spaces fundamentally changed how people conceived of military casualties in fifth-century Athens. In a period characterized by war and the threat of civil strife, the nascent democracy claimed the fallen for the city and commemorated them with rituals and images that shaped a civic ideology of struggle and self-sacrifice on behalf of a unified community. While most studies of Athenian public burial have focused on discrete aspects of the institution, such as the funeral oration, this book broadens the scope. It examines the presence of the war dead in cemeteries, civic and sacred spaces, the home, and the mind, and underscores the role of material culture--from casualty lists to white-ground lekythoi--in mediating that presence. This approach reveals that public rites and monuments shaped memories of the war dead at the collective and individual levels, spurring private commemorations that both engaged with and critiqued the new ideals and the city's claims to the body of the warrior. Faced with a collective notion of "the fallen," families asserted the qualities, virtues, and family links of the individual deceased, and sought to recover opportunities for private commemoration and personal remembrance. Contestation over the presence and memory of the dead often followed class lines, with the elite claiming service and leadership to the community while at the same time reviving Archaic and aristocratic commemorative discourses. Although Classical Greek art tends to be viewed as a monolithic if evolving whole, this book depicts a fragmented and charged visual world.
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World History
