Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) New Deal legislation that raised farm prices by restricting output of staple crops. It restricted production and paid subsidies to growers; declared unconstitutional in 1936, 688
Axis Powers A term for the alliance between Nazi Germany and Italy after 1936 and, after 1940, Japan, 706
Blitzkrieg A German tactic in World War II, translated as “lightning war,” involving the coordinated attack of air and armored firepower, 705
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) A New
Deal program to provide government jobs in reforestation, flood control, and other conservation projects to young men between ages eighteen and twenty-five, 687
Lend-Lease Act A military aid measure, proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 and adopted by Congress, empowering the president
To sell, lend, lease, or transfer $7 billion of war material to any country whose defense he declared as vital to that of the United States, 707 Manhattan Project The code name for the extensive United States military project, established in 1942, to produce fissionable uranium and plutonium, and to design and build an atomic bomb. Costing nearly $2 billion, the effort culminated in the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, 705 National Recovery Administration (NRA) A New Deal agency, established in 1933, to promote economic recovery, that promulgated industry-wide codes to control production, prices, and wages, 687 neutrality acts Legislation affirming nonbelligerency in the event of war. In relation to American history, such legislation was passed in 1794 to preclude American entanglement in the Napoleonic Wars; similar laws were passed just before and after World War I, especially during the 1930s, 704
New Deal A broad program of legislation proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to promote recovery from the Great Depression and provide relief for those in distress, 686 Social Security Act A component of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal, it established in 1935 a system of old-age, unemployment, and survivors’ insurance funded by wage and payroll taxes, 694 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) A New Deal agency that built and operated dams and power plants on the Tennessee River; it also promoted flood control, soil conservation, and reforestation, 689
Wagner Act Officially the National Labor Relations Act and sometimes called Labor’s Magna Carta, it gave workers the right to organize and bargain collectively. It also created the National Labor Relations Board to supervise union elections and stop unfair labor practices by employers, 694
Works Progress Administration (WPA) A New Deal agency, established in 1935 and run by Harry Hopkins, that spent $11 billion on federal works projects and provided employment for 8.5 million persons, 691
World History
