A truly comprehensive bibliography of the Cold War in the Mediterranean region would need to include a variety of national and topical histories each with voluminous literatures of their own. For the purpose of brevity, this review focuses on the Mediterranean as a region, on southern Europe, and on Africa's northern littoral. The reader is encouraged also to consult the excellent specialized entries found in the bibliographies for all of the volumes for this Cambridge History, especially sections 8, 9, 10 of the bibliography in this volume, section 19 of volume I and sections 2, 5, and 14 in volume III.
For the origins of the Cold War in the region, see E. Calandri, R Mediterraneo e la difesa dell’Occidente 1947-1956: Eredita imperiali e logiche diguerrafredda (Firenze: Manent, 1997). For Italy, see B. Arcidiacono, Le «precedent italien» et les origines de la guerre froide: Les Allies et l’occupation de l’ltalie 1943-1944 (Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1984), A. Brogi, A Question of SelfEsteem: The United States and the Cold War Choices in France and Italy, 1944-1958 (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002), Christopher Duggan and Christopher Wagstaff (eds.), Italy in the Cold War: Politics, Culture and Society, 1948-58 (Oxford and Washington, DC: Berg, 1995), and the still useful James Edward Miller, The United States and Italy, 1940-1950: The Politics and Diplomacy of Stabilization (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1986). For Spain, see Boris N. Liedtke, Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945-53 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998). For Portugal, Luis Nuno Rodrigues has written several overviews; the formative period is covered in his Salazar-Kennedy: A Crise de una Alianfa (Capa mole: Editorial Noticias, 2002). For Greece, see Jon V. Kofas, Under the Eagle’s Claw: Exceptionalism in Postwar US-Greek Relations (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), and, for a different view, Howard Jones, "A New Kind of War": America’s Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). For Turkey, see Ekavi Athanassopoulou, Turkey: Anglo-American Security interests, 1945-1952: The First Enlargement of NATO (London: Frank Cass, 1999).
In addition to more general studies of American diplomacy, subsequent developments in Washington's approach to southern Europe are explored in M. Guderzo, Interesse nazionale e responsabilita globale: Gli Stati Uniti, l'Alleanza atlantica e l'integrazione europea negli anni di Johnson 1963-69 (Firenze: Manent, 2000), and L. Nuti, Gli Stati Uniti e l’apertura a Sinistra. Importanza e limiti della presenza americana in Italia (Bari-Roma: Laterza, 1999). On Greece and the problem of Cyprus, see G. S. Kaloudis, The Role of the United Nations in Cyprus from 1964 to 1979 (New York: Peter Lang, 1991), C. M. Woodhouse, The Rise and Fall of the Greek Colonels (London: Granada, 1985).
Consideration of the Mediterranean as a single region was most evident in considerations of military strategy. The Mediterranean's role in NATO is specifically examined in L. S. Kaplan, S. W. Clawson, R. Luraghi, NATO and the Mediterranean (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1985), and S. Silvestri, M. Cremasco, Il Fianco Sud della Nato (Milano: Feltrinelli, 1980).
On the Middle East and North Africa, see Jon B. Alterman, Egypt and American Foreign Assistance, 1952-1956: Hopes Dashed (New York: Palgrave, 2002), Nigel J. Ashton (ed.), The Cold War in the Middle East: Regional Conflict and the Superpowers, 1967-73 (London and New York: Routledge, 2007) (see also Ashton's excellent Eisenhower, Macmillan, and the Problem of Nasser: Anglo-American Relations and Arab Nationalism, 1955-59 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996). For Egypt, see also Laura James, Nasser at War: Arab Images of the Enemy (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). Important specific studies of North Africa include Nicole Grimaud, La Politique exterieure de l’Algerie (Paris: Karthala, 1984), Abdelaziz Chneguir, Lapolitique exterieure de la Tunisie: 1956-1987 (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004), Ronald Bruce St. John, "Redefining the Libyan Revolution: The Changing Ideology of Muammar al-Qaddafi," Journal of North African Studies, 13, 1, (March 2008), 91-106, and Massimiliano Cricco, Il Petrolio dei Senussi. Stati Uniti e Gran Bretagna in Libia dall’indipen-denza a Gheddafi (1949-1973) (Firenze: Polistampa, 2002). For Soviet policy with regard to the Algerian revolution, see E. Obichkina "Sovetskoe rukovodstvo i voina v Alzhire” [The Soviet Leadership and the War in Algeria], Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, No. i (2000), 19-30. For Soviet diplomacy in the region, see Roy Allison, The Soviet Union and the Strategy of Non-Alignment in the Third World (New York: Cambridge University Press, i988). The covert aspect of Soviet policy in North Africa is discussed to some degree in Christopher M. Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World (London and New York: Allen Lane, 2005).
Transition in Spain and foreign policy are dealt with by P. Preston, The Triumph of Democracy in Spain (London: Methuen, 1986), V. Morales Lezcano V., Espana de pequena potencia apotencia media (Madrid: Uned, 1991), and A. Marquina Barrio, Espana en la Politica de Seguridad Occidental: 1936-1986 (Madrid: Ed. Ejercito, 1986). On the Portuguese revolution, see H. G. Ferreira, M. V. Marshall, Portugal’s Revolution: Ten Years On (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), T. Gallagher, Portugal. A Twentieth-Century Interpretation (Manchester: Mancester University Press, i983), and Bernardino Gomes and Tiago Moreira de Sa, Carlucci vs. Kissinger: Os EUA e a Revolupdo Portuguesa (Lisbon: Don Quixote, 2008). The diplomatic effects of the Iberian transformation are analyzed in H. de la Torre (ed.), Portugal, Espana y Africa en los ultimos cien anos (Merida: Uned, 1992). The standard work in English on Italy is Paul Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 19431988 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), but see also Silvio Lanaro, Storia dell’Italia repubblicana (Venice: Marsilio, 1997).
Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, Khrushchev’s Cold War: The Inside Story of an American Adversary (New York: Norton, 2006) is good on Soviet policy toward the region. A critical account of Soviet influence on Egyptian decisionmaking has recently been elaborated by Isabella Ginor, "'Under the Yellow Arab Helmet Gleamed Blue Russian Eyes': Operation Kavkaz and the War of Attrition, 1969-70,” Cold War History, 3, i (2002), 127-56; for a deeper analysis see also Isabella Ginor and Gideon Remez, Foxbats over Dimona: The Soviets’ Nuclear Gamble in the Six-Day War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).
World History
