“As the Will of God is in Heaven”

On 19 May 1940, Churchill made his first broadcast as Prime Minister, a speech which lifted the hearts even of his former and current critics. “A tremendous battle is raging in France and Flanders,” he said, adding forthrightly that the Germans, “by a remarkable combination of air bombing and heavily armoured tanks, have broken through the French defences”. In assuring his listeners that Britain would fight on, Churchill chose a majestic coda, an obscure Biblical allusion for the first and only time in all his writings and speeches. It proved to be exactly right for the occasion:

Today is Trinity Sunday. Centuries ago words were written to be a call and a spur to the faithful servants of Truth and Justice: “Arm yourselves, and be ye men of valour, and be in readiness for the conflict; for it is better for us to perish in battle than to look upon the Outrage of our nation and our altar. As the Will of God is in Heaven, even so let it be.”174

Even some Biblical scholars were uncertain about the origins of this phrase, and with good reason. It is from I Maccabees 3:58-60, a text not found in every Bible. Further, Churchill altered the quotation. Evidently the writer in him could not resist an editorial improvement. The original words were:

58.  And Judas said, Arm yourselves, and be valiant men, and see that ye be in readiness against the morning, that ye may fight with these nations, that are assembled together against us to destroy us and our sanctuary:

59.  For it is better for us to die in battle, than to behold the calamities of our people and our sanctuary.

60.  Nevertheless, as the will of God is in heaven, so let him do.

There are two Books of the Maccabees, also spelled “Machabbes”, neither of which is in the Hebrew Bible but both of which appear in some manuscripts of the Septuagint and in the Vulgate, since they are canonical to Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. They are also included in the Protestant Apocrypha, which is doubtless where WSC read them.

Churchill’s first broadcast as Prime Minister caught the imagination of millions. Sir Martin Gilbert has collected some of those reactions that very evening, Trinity Sunday, 19 May, in Volume VI of the Official Biography. Anthony Eden wrote: “You have never done anything as good or as great. Thank you, and thank God for you.” Lord Halifax, who nine days later would urge approaching the Germans for armistice terms, was momentarily bowled over: “It was worth a lot,” he wrote from the Foreign Office, “and we owe you much for that, as for a great deal else, in these dark days.” The Evening Standard declared the broadcast a speech of “imperishable resolve”.175

Perhaps the most unexpected, a note that must have encouraged Churchill, came from his old chief Stanley Baldwin, who had done more than any other British leader to put the country in so perilous a state of readiness, but who on 19 June was moved more perhaps than at any other time:

My dear PM,

I listened to your well known voice last night and I should have liked to have shaken your hand for a brief moment and to tell you that from the bottom of my heart I wish you all that is good - health and strength of mind and body - for the intolerable burden that now lies on you.

Yours always sincerely,

SB176

APPENDIX V

THE CHURCHILL CENTRE www •winstonchurchill. org

Headquartered in London and Chicago, the Churchill Centre was founded in 1968 “to inspire leadership, statesmanship, vision, and boldness among democratic and freedom loving peoples through the thoughts, words, works and deeds of Winston Spencer Churchill”. In 2008 the Centre merged with the American Friends of the Churchill Museum at the Cabinet War Rooms in London, expanding its programmes to benefit and sustain the Museum, as well as its own programmes of education and publishing. Membership numbers over 4,000, including the affiliated organisations in Great Britain, Canada and Australia.

The Churchill Centre publishes a quarterly magazine, Finest Hour; a quarterly newsletter, the Chartwell Bulletin'; and special publications and monographs, and supports commercial publishing of an educational nature. It sponsors international and national conferences and Churchill tours, which have visited Britain, Australia, France, South Africa, Morocco, and Germany. Its expansive website includes “classroom” components to educate young people on Sir Winston’s life and times.

The Churchill Centre has helped bring about republication of over thirty of Winston Churchill’s long-out-of-print volumes. In 1992, it launched a campaign for completion of the remaining document volumes to the Official Biography, three of which have now been published. This project is now being completed by the Hillsdale College Press.

More recently, the Centre sponsored academic symposia in America and Britain; seminars where students and scholars discuss Churchill’s books; scholarships for Churchill Studies; and important reference works. In 2005 it received a grant to distribute 5,000 Churchill biographies to high school teachers in North America who use Churchill in their curricula, and began a series of seminars for teachers conducted by college professors.  to grants from the United States National Endowment for the Humanities, it conducts two-week summer institutes for teachers at the secondary school level.

The overall aim of the Centre is to impress Churchill’s leadership, wisdom and experience firmly on future generations. Membership is available worldwide. For further information please visit the Cabinet War Rooms and Churchill Museum in London, or contact:

The Churchill Centre 200 West Madison Street Suite 1700

Chicago IL 60606 USA

Toll free in USA telephone: (888) WSC-1874

UK dial (00-1-888) WSC-1874.

Email: Info@winstonchurchill. org

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Any quotation not annotated as to source is from the Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) as transcribed in Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches 1897-1963, edited by Sir Robert Rhodes James (8 vols., New York: Bowker, 1974). All other quotations are identified by source. Works by Churchill himself are conveyed by key words, e. g. “Liberalism” for Liberalism and the Social Problem. Works by other authors are identified by the author’s name and, if more than one work by an author is cited, part of the title, e. g. “Gilbert, Life, 89”.

Books by Winston S. Churchill

Alliance. The Unwritten Alliance: Speeches 1953-1959. London: Cassell, 1961.

Balance. In the Balance: Speeches 1949 & 1950. London: Cassell, 1951.

Blood. Blood, Sweat and Tears. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1941. Published in London as Into Battle, 1941.

Boer. The Boer War. London: Leo Cooper, 1989. Combining London to Ladysmith via Pretoria and Ian Hamilton’s March.

Correspondent. Winston S. Churchill War Correspondent 1895-1900. London: Brassey’s, 1992. Extended edition of Young Winston’s Wars, first published 1972.

Covenant. Arms and the Covenant. London: George G. Harrap & Co., 1938.

Crisis (I-V). The World Crisis. 5 vols. in 6 parts. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1923-31.

CS (I-VIII). Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897-1963. 8 vols. New York: Chelsea House/Bowker, 1974.

Dawn. The Dawn of Liberation. London: Cassell, 1945.

Dream. The Dream. Text is from the official biography (OB), vol. VIII. First published in Daily Telegraph, 1966. First published in volume form by the Churchill Literary Foundation (International Churchill Society), 1987.

End. The End of the Beginning. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1943.

Essay (I-IV). The Collected Essays of Sir Winston Churchill. 4 vols. London: Library of Imperial History, 1975.

Europe. Europe Unite: Speeches 1947 & 1948. London: Cassell, 1950.

FFT. For Free Trade. Sacramento: The

Churchilliana Co., 1977. Facsimile edition. First published 1906.

GC. Great Contemporaries. Revised and extended edition. London: Leo Cooper, 1990. First published 1937.

Hamilton’s. Ian Hamilton’s March. London: Longmans Green, 1900.

HESP (I-IV). A History of the English Speaking Peoples. 4 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1956-58.

India. India. Hopkinton, N. H.: Dragonwyck Publishing Inc., 1990. First published 1931. Ladysmith. London to Ladysmith via Pretoria.

London: Longmans Green, 1900. Liberalism. Liberalism and the Social Problem. Reprinted in The Collected Works of Sir Winston Churchill. Vol. VII, Early Speeches. London: Library of Imperial History, 1974. First published 1909.

LRC. Lord Randolph Churchill. 1 vol. Edition. London: Macmillan, 1907. First published in 2 vols., 1906.

MAJ.  My African Journey. London: Leo Cooper, 1989. First published 1908.

Malakand. The Story of the Malakand Field Force 1897. London: Leo Cooper, 1991. First published 1898.

Malakand 1899 ed. The Story of the Malakand Field Force 1897. Silver Library edition. London: Longmans Green, 1899. Marlborough (I-IV). Marlborough: His Life and Times. 4 vols. London: Sphere Books, 1967. First published 1933-38.

MBA.  Mr. Brodrick’s Army. Sacramento: The Churchilliana Co., 1977. Reset edition. First published 1903.

MEL. My Early Life: A Roving Commission. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1930.

Onwards. Onwards to Victory. London: Cassell, 1944.

People’s. The People’s Rights. London: Jonathan Cape, 1970. First published 1910. River (I-II). The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan. 2 vols. London: Longmans Green, 1899. River abr. ed. The River War, abridged one-volume edition. London: Eyre &

Spottiswoode, 1933.

Savrola. Savrola: A Tale of the Revolution in Laurania. London: Leo Cooper, 1990. Savrola 1956 ed. Savrola. New York: Random House, 1956.

Secret. Secret Session Speeches. London: Cassell, 1946.

Sinews. The Sinews of Peace: Post-War Speeches. London: Cassell, 1948. Stemming. Stemming the Tide: Speeches 1951 & 1952. London: Cassell, 1953.

Step. Step by Step 1936-1939. London: Odhams, 1947. First published 1939. Thoughts. Thoughts and Adventures. London: Leo Cooper, 1990. First published 1932. Unrelenting. The Unrelenting Struggle.

Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1942. Victory. Victory. London: Cassell, 1946.

WW2 (I-VI). The Second World War. 6 vols.

London: Cassell, 1948-54.

WW2 abr. ed. The Second World War. Abridged 1 vol. edition with an Epilogue on 1945-57. London: Cassell, 1959.

The Official Biography

Winston S. Churchill, by Randolph S. Churchill (vols. I-II) and Sir Martin Gilbert (vols. III-VIII), together with the accompanying Companion (Document) Volumes was published between 1967 and 1982 by Heinemann, London, and Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Three additional Companion Volumes (The Churchill War Papers) were published between 1993 and 2000 by Heinemann and W. W. Norton (New York). In 2006, the complete work began to be reprinted, and seven additional Companion Volumes added by Gilbert, by the Hillsdale College Press, Hillsdale, Michigan. Page references are to the Heinemann editions.

Biographic Volumes

OB I. Youth 1874-1900. Published 1966.

OB II. Young Statesman 1901-1911.

Published 1967.

OB III. The Challenge of War 1914-1916. Published 1971.

OB IV. The Stricken World 1917-1922. Published 1975.

OB V. The Prophet of Truth 1922-1939. Published 1976.

OB VI. Finest Hour 1939-1941. Published 1983.

OB VII. Road to Victory 1941-1945. Published 1986.

OB VIII. "Never Despair” 1945-1965. Published 1988.

Companion (Document) Volumes OB, CV1/1: Companion Volume I, Part 1 1874-1896. Published 1967.

OB, CV1/2: Companion Volume I, Part 2 1896-1900. Published 1967.

OB, CV2/1: Companion Volume II, Part 1 1901-1907. Published 1969.

OB, CV2/2: Companion Volume II, Part 2 1907-1911. Published 1969.

OB, CV2/3: Companion Volume II, Part 3 1911-1914. Published 1969.

OB, CV3/1: Companion Volume III, Part 1: Documents, July 1914-April 1915. Published 1972.

OB, CV3/2: Companion Volume III, Part 2: Documents, May 1915-December 1916. Published 1972.

OB, CV4/1: Companion Volume IV, Part 1: Documents, January 1917-June 1919. Published 1977.

OB, CV4/2: Companion Volume IV, Part 2: Documents, July 1919-March 1921. Published 1977.

OB, CV4/3: Companion Volume IV, Part 3: Documents, April 1921-November 1922. Published 1977.

OB, CV5/1: Companion Volume V, Part 1: Documents, The Exchequer Years 1922-1929. Published 1979.

OB, CV5/2: Companion Volume V, Part 2: Documents, The Wilderness Years 1929-1935. Published 1981.

OB, CV5/3: Companion Volume V, Part 3: Documents: The Coming of War 1936-1939. Published 1982.

OB, CV6/1: The Churchill War Papers, Volume I: At the Admiralty, September

1939- May 1940. Published 1993.

OB, CV6/2: The Churchill War Papers,

Volume II: Never Surrender, May

1940- December 1940. Published 1994. OB, CV6/3: The Churchill War Papers,

Volume III: The Ever-Widening War, 1941. Published 2000.

Works by Other Authors No secondary sources are referenced where primary sources can be found; however, some of these works are referenced in the editor’s notes. For authors with multiple titles, works are stated in chronological order of publication.

Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1969.

Addison, Paul, Churchill on the Home Front 1900-1955. London: Jonathan Cape, 1992.

_, _, Churchill: The Unexpected Hero.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Adler, Bill, ed., The Churchill Wit. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.

Amery, Leopold, Diaries, 2 vols. London: Hutchinson, 1980.

Ashley, Maurice, Churchill as Historian.

London: Secker & Warburg, 1968.

Balsan, Consuelo, The Glitter and the Gold.

London: Heinemann, 1953.

Beaverbrook, Max, Politicians and the War 1914-1916. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1928.

_, _, The Decline and Fall of Lloyd

George. London: Collins, 1963. Ben-Moshe, Tuvla, Churchill: Strategy and History. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992.

Birkenhead, Earl of, The Life of Lord Halifax.

Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.

Blake, Robert, and Louis, William Roger, eds., Churchill: A Major New Assessment of His Life in Peace and War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen, My Diaries: Being a Personal Narrative of Events 1888-1914. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1932.

Bonham Carter, Violet, Winston Churchill: An Intimate Portrait. New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1965.

Boothby, Robert, Recollections of Rebel.

London: Hutchinson, 1978.

Boyle, Andrew, Poor, Dear Brendan: The Quest for Brendan Bracken. London: Hutchinson, 1974.

Boyle, Peter, The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence 1953-1955. Chapel Hill, N. C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

Broad, Lewis, Winston Churchill. Revised and extended edition. London: Hutchinson, 1945.

Bryant, Arthur, The Turn of the Tide 1939-1943. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1957.

_, _, Triumph in the West 1943-1946.

London: Collins, 1959.

Buczacki, Stefan, Churchill & Chartwell: The Untold Story of Churchill’s Houses and Gardens. London: Frances Lincoln, 2007.

Cappelens, pub., Churchill’s Visit to Norway. Oslo: J. W. Cappelens Forlag, 1949.

Cawthorne, Graham, The Churchill Legend: An Anthology. London: Cleaver-Hume Press, n. d. [1965].

Channon, Henry, The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon. London: Weidenfeld &

Nicolson, 1993.

Chaplin, E. D. W., Winston Churchill at Harrow. Harrow, Middlesex: The Harrow Bookshop, n. d. [1941].

Charmley, John, Churchill: The End of Glory. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993.

Chisholme, Anne, and Davie, Michael, Beaverbrook: A Life. London: Hutchinson, 1992.

Churchill, John Spencer, Crowded Canvas. London: Odhams, 1961.

Churchill, Sarah, A Thread in the Tapestry. London: Deutsch, 1967.

Cohen, Ronald, Bibliography of the Writings of Sir Winston Churchill. 3 vols. London: Continuum, 2006.

Colville, John, Footprints in Time: Memories. London: Collins, 1976.

__,__, The Churchillians. London,

Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981.

_ , _, The Fringes of Power: Downing

Street Diaries 1940-1955. 2 vols. Sevenoaks, Kent: Sceptre Publishing, 1986-87.

Coombs, David, and Churchill, Minnie, Winston Churchill: His Life Through His Paintings. London: Pegasus, 2003.

Cooper, Alfred Duff. Old Men Forget: The Autobiography of Duff Cooper. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1953.

Cooper, Diana, The Light of Common Day. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1959.

Coote, Colin R., Sir Winston Churchill: A SelfPortrait. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1954.

Coward, Noel, Future Indefinite. London: Heinemann, 1954.

Cowles, Virginia, Winston Churchill: The Era and the Man. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1953.

Czarnomski, F. B., The Wisdom of Winston Churchill. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956.

Dalton, Hugh, The Fateful Years: Memoirs 1931-1945. London: Frederick Muller, 1957.

6oo

Deakin, F. W., Churchill the Historian. Zurich: Foundation Suisse Winston Churchill, 1970. de Mendelssohn, Peter, The Age of Churchill: Heritage and Adventure 1874-1914. New York: Knopf, London: Thames and

Hudson, 1961.

Dilks, David, The Great Dominion; Winston Churchill in Canada 1900-1954. Toronto: Thomas Allen, 2005.

Donaldson, Frances, Edward VIII:  A

Biography of the Duke of Windsor. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1974.

Eade, Charles, ed., Churchill by His Contemporaries. London: Reprint Society, 1955.

Eden, Sir Anthony, The Eden Memoirs: The Reckoning. London: Cassell, 1965.

Eden, Guy, Winston Churchill. London: Hutchinson, 1945

“Ephesian” [Roberts, C. Bechhofer], Winston Churchill. London: Mills & Boon, 1927.

_, _, Third Edition. London: George

Newnes, 1936.

Fields, Alonzo, My 21 Years in the White House. New York: Coward McCann, 1960. Fishman, Jack, My Darling Clementine.

London: W. H. Allen, 1963.

Gardner, Brian, Churchill in His Time: A Study in a Reputation 1939-1945. London: Methuen, 1968.

Gilbert, Martin, Churchill: A Biography. London: Park Lane Press, 1979.

_, _, Churchill’s Political Philosophy.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981. ___, ___, Churchill: The Wilderness Years. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982

__,__, Churchill: A Life. London:

Heinemann, 1991.

___, ___, In Search of Churchill. London: HarperCollins, 1994.

___, ___, Churchill and America. London: Free Press, 2005.

_, _, Churchill and the Jews. London:

Simon & Schuster, 2007.

Graebner, Walter, My Dear Mr. Churchill.

London: Michael Joseph, 1965.

Gretton, Peter, Former Naval Person.

London: Cassell, 1968.

Grunwald, Henry Anatole, ed., Churchill: The Life Triumphant. New York: American Heritage Press, 1965.

Guedalla, Philip, Mr. Churchill: A Portrait.

London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1941. Halifax, Edward, Garrowby Album 1940. (Lord Halifax’s personal photo albums, held by the present Earl Halifax at

Garrowby, Yorkshire. Information by courtesy of Andrew Roberts.)

Halle, Kay, Irrepressible Churchill. Cleveland: World, 1966.

_,_, Winston Churchill on America and

Britain: A Selection of His Thoughts on Anglo-American Relations. New York: Walker, 1970.

Harris, Leon, The Fine Art of Political Wit. New York: Bell, 1964.

Hart-Davis, D., ed., King’s Counsellor. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006.

Hassall, Christopher, Edward Marsh. London: Longmans Green & Co., 1959.

Herbert, A. P., Independent Member. London: Methuen, 1950.

Holley, Darrell, Churchill’s Literary Allusions. Chapel Hill, N. C.: MacFarland, 1987.

Howells, Roy, Simply Churchill. London: Robert Hale, 1965.

Hull, Cordell, Memoirs of Cordell Hull. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1948.

Hyam, Ronald, Elgin and Churchill at the Colonial Office 1905-1908. London: Macmillan, 1968.

Ingrams, Harold, Uganda: A Crisis of Nationhood. Corona Library. London: HMSO, 1960.

Ismay, Hastings, Memoirs of General the Lord Ismay. London: Heinemann, 1960.

Kennedy, John, The Business of War: The War Narrative of Major-General Sir John Kennedy. London: Hutchinson, 1957.

Kersaudy, Fran9ois, Churchill and de Gaulle. New York: Athenaeum, 1982.

Kershaw, Ian, Fateful Choices:  Ten

Decisions that Changed the World, 1940-1941. London: Allen Lane/Penguin Books, 2007.

Keyes, Ralph, The Quote Verifier. New York: St. Martins Griffin, 2006.

Kimball, Warren F., ed., Roosevelt and Churchill: The Complete Correspondence. 3 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

King, Cecil, With Malice Toward None. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1970.

Kripalini, Krishna, Gandhi: A Life. Delhi: National Book Trust India, 1982.

Lamb, Richard, Churchill as War Leader: Right or Wrong? London: Bloomsbury, 1991.

Langer, William L., and Gleason, S. Everett, The Challenge to Isolation, 1937-1940. New York: Harper, 1952.

Larres, Klaus, Churchill’s Cold War. New Haven, Ct.: Yale University Press, 2002.

6oi

Leaser, James, War at the Top. London: Michael Joseph, 1959.

Lee, Celia and John, Winston & Jack: The Churchill Brothers. London: Privately published, 2007.

Lockhart, Robert Bruce, Comes the Reckoning. New York: Putnam, 1947.

_, _, Your England. London: Putnam,

1955.

Longford, Elizabeth. Winston Churchill. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1974.

Lowenheim, Francis, Langley, Harold, Jonas, Manfred, Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence. New York: Saturday Review Press/E. P. Dutton & Co., 1975.

Lysaght, Charles Edward, Brendan Bracken: A Biography. London: Allen Lane, 1979.

MacCallum Scott, A., Winston Churchill. London, Methuen: 1905.

McCullough, David, Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

McGowan, Norman, My Years with Churchill. London: Pan Books, 1959.

McMenamin, Michael, and Zoller, Curt, Becoming Winston Churchill. Westport, Ct., Greenwood Press: 2007.

Macmillan, Harold, The Blast of War. New York: Harper & Row, 1968.

_,_, Riding the Storm 1956-1959. New

York: Harper & Row, 1971.

Manchester, William, The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill. Vol. 1 Visions of Glory 1874-1932. Boston: Little, Brown, 1983. Vol. 2. Alone 1932-1940. Boston: Little, Brown, 1988.

Manning, Paul, and Bronner, Milton, Mr. England: The Life Story of Winston Churchill. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1941.

Marchant, James, ed., Winston Spencer Churchill: Servant of Crown and

Commonwealth. London: Cassell, 1954.

Marsh, Edward. A Number of People. London: Heinemann, 1939.

Mee, Charles L., Jr., Meeting at Potsdam. New York: Evans, 1975.

Menzies, Robert, Afternoon Light: Some Memories of Men and Events. London: Cassell, 1967.

Moir, Phyllis, I was Winston Churchill’s Private Secretary. New York: Funk, 1941.

Montague Browne, Anthony, Long Sunset: Memoirs of Winston Churchill’s Last Private Secretary. London: Cassell, 1995.

Moran, Charles, Churchill: Taken from the

Diaries of Lord Moran. The Struggle for Survival 1940-1965. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.

Morgan, Ted, Churchill: The Rise to Failure 1874-1915. London: Jonathan Cape, 1983.

Murray, Edmund, I was Churchill’s Bodyguard. London: W. H. Allen, 1987.

Nel, Elizabeth, Mr. Churchill’s Secretary. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1958.

Nemon, Oscar, Unpublished memoirs, by courtesy of Lady Young and James R. Lancaster, 2007.

Nicolson, Nigel, ed., Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters. 3 vols. London: Collins, 1966-68. (“Nicolson I, II, III.”)

_,_, Harold Nicolson Diaries and Letters

1907-1963. London:  Weidenfeld &

Nicolson. 2004. (“Nicolson 1907-1963.”)

Olson, Lynne, Troublesome Young Men: The Rebels Who Brought Churchill to Power in 1940 and Helped Save Britain. London: Bloomsbury, 2007.

Pawle, Gerald, The War and Colonel Warden. London: George G. Harrap & Co., 1963.

Pearson, John, The Private Lives of Winston Churchill. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Pelling, Henry, Winston Churchill. Revised and extended softbound edition. Ware, Herts.: Wordsworth Editions, 1999.

Perucca, Fabien and Maure, Huguette, Le Meilleur de Sir Winston. Paris: Michel Lafon, 2005.

Pilpel, Robert, Churchill in America 1895-1961. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1976.

Pimlott, Ben, ed., The Second World War Diary of Hugh Dalton 1940-45. London: Jonathan Cape, 1986.

Reynolds, David, In Command of History: Churchill Writing and Fighting the Second World War. London: Allen Lane, 2004.

Reynolds, Quentin, All About Winston Churchill. London: W. H. Allen, 1964.

Rhodes James, Sir Robert, Churchill: A Study in Failure 1900-1939. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970.

Riddell, George Allardice, Lord Riddell’s War Diary. London: Ivor Nicholson and Watson Ltd., 1933.

Roberts, Andrew. Eminent Churhcillians. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994.

__,__, The Holy Fox [Lord Halifax].

London: Phoenix, 1997.

Roskill, Stephen, Churchill and the Admirals. London: Collins, 1977.

Rowse, A. L., The Later Churchills. London: Macmillan, 1958.

Salter, Kay and Jim, Life is Meals: A Food Lover’s Book of Days. New York: Knopf, 2006.

Sandys, Celia, From Winston with Love and Kisses. London: Sinclair Stevenson, 1994.

Shapiro, Fred, Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven, Ct.: Yale University Press, 2007.

Sherwood, Robert, The White House Papers of Harry L. Hopkins. 2 vols. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1948-49.

Soames, Mary, Clementine Churchill. London: Cassell, 1979.

_, _, Winston Churchill: His Life as a

Painter. London: Collins, 1990.

_, _, ed. Speaking for Themselves: The

Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill. London: Doubleday, 1998.

Spears, Edward Louis, Assignment to Catastrophe. 2 vols. London: Heinemann, 1954.

Stevenson, Frances, Lloyd George: A Diary. London: Hutchinson, 1971.

Stimson, Henry L., and Bundy, McGeorge, On Active Service in Peace and War. London: Hutchinson, 1949.

Stuart, James, Within the Fringe. London: Bodley Head, 1967.

Sykes, Christopher, Nancy Astor. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

Taylor, Robert Lewis, Winston Churchill: An Informal Study of Greatness. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1952.

Thompson, R. W., The Yankee Marlborough. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1963.

Thompson, Walter H., I was Churchill’s Shadow. London: Christopher Johnson, 1951.

_,_, Sixty Minutes with Winston Churchill.

London: Christopher Johnson, 1953.

_, _, Assignment Churchill. New York:

Farrar, Strauss & Young, 1955.

Thornton-Kemsley, Colin, Through Winds and Tides. Monrose: Standard Press, 1974.

Ward, Geoffrey C., ed., Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship Between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995.

“Watchman”, Right Honourable Gentlemen. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1939.

Weidhorn, Manfred, Sword and Pen: A Survey of the Writings of Winston S. Churchill. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1974.

Wheeler-Bennett, John, ed., Action This Day: Working with Churchill. London: Macmillan, 1968.

Willans, Geoffey and Roetter, Charles, The Wit of Winston Churchill. London: Max Parrish, 1954.

Young, Kenneth, Churchill and Beaverbrook. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1966.

Periodicals and Articles

Passim: Chicago Tribune, The New Statesman, The New York Times, The Times (London), The Washington Post.

Churchill Centre publications: Finest Hour, The Journal of Winston Churchill, 1968-date; Proceedings of the International Churchill Societies, 1987, 1988-1989, 1990-91; Churchill Proceedings, 1992-1993, 1994-1995, 1995-1996,

1996-1997, 1998-2000, 2001-2003.

Colville, Sir John, “He Had No Use for Second Best.” Finest Hour 41, Autumn 1983.

Cooper, Lady Diana, “Winston and Clementine.” Finest Hour 83, Summer1994.

Dalton, Hugh, “Winston: A Memoir.” New Statesman, April 1965.

Hamblin, Grace, “Chartwell Memories.” Remarks at the 1987 Churchill conference, Dallas. Proceedings of the International Churchill Society, 1987. Hopkinton, N. H.: International Churchill Society, 1989.

Harmon, Christopher, “‘Are We Beasts?’: Churchill and the Moral Question of World War II ‘Area Bombing.’” Finest Hour 76, Third Quarter, 1992.

Marshman, John, “Churchill and Patton.” Finest Hour 129, Winter 2005-06.

Mink, Michael, “Churchill’s Uphill War,” Investor’s Business Daily, 30 August 2007 (Http://xrl. us/bcmae).

Vivian, Herbert “Winston Churchill.” Pall Mall, April, 1905.

Interviews

Peregrine Spencer Churchill, WSC’s nephew;

Clark Clifford, aide to President Truman;

Denis Kelly, literary assistant to WSC; Ronald

Golding, bodyguard 1946-47; Grace

Hamblin, secretary 1932-35; Sir John

Colville, personal private secretary 1940-55;

Sir Fitzroy Maclean, personal representative

To Tito, 1943-45; Sir Anthony Montague

Browne, personal private secretary 1952-65;

Edmund Murray, bodyguard 1950-65;

Christian Pol-Roger; Lord and Lady Soames.

INDEX

100th birthday 552

A house of many mansions 594-5 Abadan 439

Abdication of King Edward VIII 351-2

Abdication of responsibility 251

Abdications 405

Aborigine missionaries 546

Above comprehension 546

‘above Party’ 406

Abstaining 546

Abundance 12

Abuse 546

Abyssinia 152, 248

Academic courage 446

Accidentally ignored 67

Accidents, personal 521-3

Accountability 483

Aces and kings 221

Acknowledgements XIV-XVII

Acquisition 12

Across the havoc of war, a great general 370 action 12, 483 Aden 90

Adenauer, Konrad H. J. 319 adequacy 483 Admiral Graf Spee 271 Admiralissimo 32 Admirals 221 Admiralty 221 adventitious 421 adversity 12 Africa 90-1 afterlife 460-1 afterlight 32 Agadir Crisis 2 age 12, 508-9 Age of Faith 462 Age of Reason 462 aggression 430 agitated opponents 546 air defence 205-6, 207, 209 air force strength 208-9 air offence 207, 209 air production 206-7 air, conquest of 467-8 Air, The 203-9 airmen 204

Aitken, William M. 324 Alamein, Battle of El 280-1 Albania 152 alcohol 532-3, 536, 546 Alexander, Albert V. 319 Alexander, the Hon Sir Harold 280, 281-2, 319

Alfonso XIII, King 351 Alfred, King 71 Aliens Act 413 all for Al 33 alliances 286 allies 12, 187, 275, 289 alternatives 563

Always plays the game and never wins 329

Ambassadors 98

Ambiguity 76

Ambitions 509-10

America 114-35

Anglo-American cooperation 309 Army, World War I 123 Army, World War II 123 audiences 123 capitalism 124 characteristics 124-5 Christmas 125-6 Civil War 126 common language 572 constitution 126-7 contrasts with Britain 127-8 criticism of 128

Declaration of Independence 128

Depression 128

Destiny 128-9

Discovery 129

Eagle 122

Embassy 122

Faults 129

Food 129

Forebears 122

Future 503

Geography 130

Isolationism 130

Journalism 130

Lend-Lease 130-1

Marines 131

Marshall Plan 131

Military Academy 293-4

Military leadership 131 Monroe Doctrine 131 moral sentiment 131 naval equality 132 Navy 224 party politics 132 Pearl Harbor 278 pioneers 132-3 presidency 133 presidential transition 287 prohibition 133 quality of manufacture 133 race relations 133-4 responsibility 134 revolution 122-3 seafood 542

‘Special Relationship’ 116-21 starters 542 territorial ambition 135 touring 135 war effort 135 war sentiment 135 World War I 235-6, 571 World War II 118-19 worth 135 American Army 211 American Bulldog 33 American Eagle 33 American terminology 52 Amery, Leopold C. M. S. 319 amiable malice 33 Amritsar massacre 443 anaesthesia 468, 521 ancestry 510

Anecdotes and stories 69-73 angling 476

Anglo-American cooperation 309

Anglo-American mongrel 546-7

Anglo-German Naval Treaty 248

Animals 563

Anne, Queen 367

Anti-complacency 33

Anti-prudes campaign 400

Anti-Semitism 12

Anticipation 12, 484

Anticipatory plagiarism 33

Antwerp 232

Anxieties 12

Anzio, Battle of 283

Appeasement reflections 262

Appointments 484

Arabs 79

Armaments 12

Arboricide 571

Architecture 12

Are you quite sure? 2

Argentina 152 armed merchantmen 221 Armenia 152-3 Armistice Day 1918: 3 arms and ideas 262 Army, The 210-18 American 211 aphorisms 211 artillery 212 British 211-12 cavalry 212-13 command, fitness for 214 continuity of policy 213 corps strength 213 Dervish 212 discipline 213-14 Eighth Army 281 enlistment 214 equipment 214 France 256 general staff 214 housing 214 infantry 214 mechanisation 297 mobility 214 reflections 211 reform 215 tanks 217

Territorials 214, 217 volunteers 218 Arts, The 455

As the Will of God is in Heaven 595-6 asked to stand, wants to sit and is expected to lie 392

Asquith, Herbert H. 319-20 Asquith, Raymond 320 assassination 138 Astor, Lady Nancy W. 320 Ataturk (Mustapha Kemal) 321 Atlanta 123 Atlantic Charter 276-7 atomic bomb 288, 309 atomic bomb test 311 atrocities 289

Attacking one’s own party 547

Attlee, Clement 321, 571-2

Auchinleck, Sir Claude J. E. 280, 321

Audiences 123

Austrian Anschluss 255

Australia 153

Austria 153, 431

Authors 48, 51

Averages magic 39

Baden-Powell, Robert S. S. 322 balance of power 430

Baldwin, Stanley 41, 251-2, 322, 331, 596

Balfour, Arthur, J. 322-3, 572

Baloney 67

Barbed wire 35

Barking dog 579

Baruch, Bernard M. 324

Baseball 476

Basic English 447

Baths 547

Battle of Britain 274 Battle of the Bulge 33 battleships 221 Bavaria 431

Bear, Buffalo and Donkey 70 Beatty, Sir David 324, 537 beauty and art 455 Beaverbrook, Baron 37, 324 beer 289, 422, 536-7 beer bottles, hit them with 572 bees of Hell 33 Belgian rifle 547 Belgium 154 belief and reason 510 Benes, Edvard 324-5 Berchtold, Count Leopold von 325 Beresford, Charles W. de la P. 325 Bermuda Conference 311 Bethnal Green incident 290 Between the Wars (1919-39) 242-67 1922-32: 244-5 1933: 245-6 1934: 247-8 1935: 248-51 1936: 251-4 1937: 254 1938: 254-9 1939: 259-61

Abdication of responsibility 251 air defence 262 air parity 254 alarm bell 254-5 arms race 254 Baldwin’s failure 251-2 Baltic strategy 259-60 British government failure 252 British supply failures 255 confident aggressors 252 conscription 260 disarmament sidetracks 247 drift to catastrophe 254 eve of World War II 260-1 false security 252 Four-Power Pact 245 France 244-5 Franco-Soviet talks 248-9 general reflections 262-7

German armaments 249 German rearming 247 Germany 244-5 humbug 246 maintaining peace 245 misrepresentation 246 munitions 259 national spirit 246 period of calm 253 platitudes 246 preparedness 265 preponderance of force 248 prospects 253, 259 retrospectives 266-7 Rhineland 253 Russia 261

Time running out 253-4 way ahead 246 Bevan, Aneurin 325-6 Bevin, Ernest 326 bezique 476

Biblical references 593-6 biblical shorthand examples 461 bibliography 598-603 big game hunting 476-7 biotechnology 499 birds 533

Birkenhead, Earl of 326 birth 572

Birth and marriage 510 bishops 461 Bismarck, Prince 327 Black Dog 516 Black Welsh 547 blackout 273

Blackmail, international 247 Blechley Park 292 Blemheim 510

Blessing effectively disguised 550 Blitz 289-91 blood sample 510

Blood, toil, tears and sweat 2, 4, 33-4 evolution of the phrase 589-92 bloodthirsty guttersnipe 34 bloody black sheep 547 Blucher 479 Boer War 187-8, 195 Bolshevism 148, 380, 383-4 bomb squads 291 bombing 13

Bombing, geography 264 bombing insurance 414 bombing policy 189 bona fides 62 Bonar Law, Andrew 327 boneless wonder 34

Bonham Carter, Helen V. 327

Boodles 537

Books

Churchill as author 598-9 composition 48 design 48

Official biography 599 reading 50 titles 48-9 writing 49-50 Boothby, Robert J. G. 327-8 bored with life 509 Bossom, Alfred 328 Boston 124 Botha, Louis 328 Botswana 572 bottlescape 34, 455 boundary settlements 430 Bracken, Brendan 328 Braddock, Bessie 550 Braine, Bernard 521 breakfast 537 breaking vs mending 13 breathing space 312 brevity 50 bribery 13

Bring a friend if you have one 547-8 Britain

Achievements 76 defence of 78 destiny of 78 foreign policy 79-80 geography 80 goals and aspirations 82-3 gratitude to 499 humour 86 industry 81 influence 82 invasion of 296-7 loss of Empire 499 loss of insularity 499 people 84-5 people in war 85 post-World War II 499 trade 86-7 unity 87 Victorian 87-8 vulnerability 88 war debt 239 wars 88-9 World War II 89 Britain alone 7 Britain, birth of 70

Britain, Empire and Commonwealth 74-96 British Commonwealth see Empire and Commonwealth

British Empire see Empire and Commonwealth British Government 97-113 British Restaurants 34 broadness of view 484 Brodrick, W. St John F. 328 Brooke, Rupert C. 328 brotherhood 499-500 Bryan, William J. 328-9 budget 13 Budget 1927: 402 Budget 1928: 402 Budget 1947: 404 Buggin’s turn 62-3 bulldog 13

Buller, Sir Redvers H. 329 Bullock cart 34 bulls 533-4

Bureaucracy 98, 404, 406 Burma 154-5

Butler, Richard A. (Rab) 329 butterflies 477, 534 Byng, Julian H. G. 216 ‘Byss’ 34

Cabinet 98 Cabinet members 557 Caesar’s wife 548 Caesar, Gaius Julius 329 California 124 Callooh! Callay! 548 camels 534 camels and gnats 34-5 Canada 155-7 cancer 468 Can’tellopolus 35 canting bus driver 35 Canute, King 351 capacious harangue 35 capital punishment 406 capitalism 13 and socialism 394-5 caricatures 406 cartoons 406

Casablanca Conference 281 cast aside 252

Casualties of World War I 240 cats 62, 534 caution 13 cavalry 212-13 cave-building 280 ceaseless battle 237 Cecil, Hugh R. H. 329 cell phones 500 centralisation 382 century thus far 244

Certainty 13 Cezanne 456

Chamberlain, A. Neville 261, 330-1 Chamberlain, Joseph 329-30 Chamberlain, Sir Joseph Austen 329 champagne 532-3, 537 chance 484, 563

Chancellor of the Exchequer 98-9, 513, 518

Change 13, 563

Changes of mind 510

Changing views 563

Chaplain, Sir Charles (Charlie) 331-2

Chartwell 13-14, 50-1

Chattanooga 125

Chattering little cad 35

Checks and balances 99

Cheeked, abused and girded 35

Chemical warfare 189-90

Chicago 125

Chicken 537-8

Chicken, some 8, 43-4

Chickenham Palace Gardens 35

Chief of Staff 282

Chiefs of Staff 213

Child tax credit 406

Child welfare 406

Childbirth 510-11

China 157, 326, 437

Chivalry 14

Choate 36

Cholera 468

Christian communists 557 Christian ethics 461-2 Christianity 462 Christmas America 125-6 1941: 278 chumbolly 36 Church and State 462 Churchill at Large 561-9 Churchill Centre, The 597 Churchill College Cambridge 523 Churchill menagerie 533-6 Churchill, Clementine 511-12 Churchill, Lady Randolph 332 Churchill, Lord Randolph 332-3 Churchill, Sir Winston [the first 1620-88] 333

Churchill, Winston S.

Personal matters 507-31 Churchill, Winston [American novelist] 333-4

Churchillisms 31-46 cigars 538

Cigars and women 572 Cincinnati 126

Civil aviation 205 Civil Defence 292 civil servants 99 civil service 406 civilisation 382, 563 clairvoyance 496-506 1900s: 497-8 1930s: 498 1941: 498 1942-43: 498-9 1942: 498 1943: 499 1944-45: 499 class 77

Class divisions 382 class struggle 406-7 class system 406-7 Classical literature 51 Classics 448

Clatter and buzz, gape and gloat 36 Clemenceau, Georges 334 climate 77 climate change 500 climb a wall 576 Closing the Ring 283 Clough, Arthur Hugh VIII coal 469

Coal miners 292, 407 Coalition Government 232, 235 coalitions 382-3 Cockran, W. Bourke 334-5 cocktails 538 code-breakers 292 coercion 383 coffee 538

Coincidence of facts with the truth 336 cold war 312

Collaboration with other countries 309-10 colleagues 512 collective bargaining 407-8 collective ideologists 36 collective security 263-4, 430 collectivism and individualism 383 collegiality 383, 512 Collins, Michael J. (Mick) 168, 335, 549 colour 456 Colville, Sir John 287 combing out 548 command authority 292 commandos 292-3 commitment 484 common ground 548 common language 572 Commons, House of bombing 204-5 chamber 102-3

Child of the 8 debate 103

Government reports to 101 legislative priorities 405 night sittings 103 overview 102 power 103-4 Question Time 111 rebuilding 102-03 representation 104 Speaker 112

Speaker, congratulations without precedent 422

Supplementary questions 558-9 Vote of Confidence 280, 357 wartime 104

Commonwealth of Nations 92-3 communication 484 communism 380, 383-4 conspiracies 431 end of 500 expansion 431 negotiations 431 socialism 395 companions 14 companionship 456 compliments to political opponents 373 composition 456 conceit 512

Condominiums, colonial 431 conduct in opposition 384 conferences 14 confidence 14, 484, 512 confident aggressors 252 conformity 563-4 conscience 14, 512 conscription 408 conservatism 512-13 Conservative Free Traders 408 Conservative Government 1954: 405 Conservative inheritance 1952: 405 Conservative Party 408-9 Conservative programme 1924-29 401 Conservative programme 1946: 404 Conservative programme 1953: 405 Conservatives and Liberals 417 consideration 484-5 consistency 485, 513 constipated Britannia 548 constitution 77, 99 American 126-7 consultation 564 contentment 26 contracting world 310 contrast 14 convoys 221-2

Cooing dove 548 cooking 538

Coolest in the hottest of moments 377 Coolidge, Calvin 335 coolness under fire 513 Coordination of Defence, Minister for the 252-3

Coronation 108 corporate life 513-14 correctitude 36 corsage 581 Cottonopolis 36 Council of Europe 431 courage 14, 485-6, 572 cows 534

Crackling of thorns 548 craft 548

Craig, Sir James 168 credit 409 credit of nations 431 cricket 477 crime 409-10

Cripps, Sir Richard Stafford 335-6

Criticism 14-15, 486, 514

Criticisms 77-8

Crocodile, wooing a 431

Cromwell, Oliver 336

Crooked deal 549

Cross of Lorraine 572

Cross-country running 479

Crossman, Richard H. S. 336

Cuba 158

Culpability 486

‘curious fact’ IX

Currency 128, 410

Cursing 514

Curzon, Hon. George N. 336 cuticle 514

Czechoslovakia 158, 255, 260, 324-5, 500

Dalton, Hugh 337 damned old fool 549 danger 15

Danger in trying to have things both ways 485

Danger, proximity of 486 Danubian Confederation 431 Dardanelles 232-4 dare and endure 271 daring 486 darker days 277 Darlan, Fran9ois 337 date style 51 dating citations XII Daylight Saving Time 410 D-Day 283

De Gaulle, Charles 37, 337-8, 549 de Valera, Eamon 338 de Wiart, Carton 338 dead birds 549 dead or alive 549 deadly shaft 549 deaf member 549 deafness 521 death 15, 564, 565 camps 295 Duke of Kent 350-1 fright 18 in battle 191 personal 500-1, 515 taxation 423 war 201 debate 99

Decided only to be undecided 3 decision-making 486-7 Declaration of Independence 128 declaration of rights 431 decoy ships 222 deeds 15 defeat 15, 192

Defeats in the Middle East 279 defence 192, 312 defenders of the peace 572-3 deja vu 515-16 deliverance is sure 7 demagogic gestures 549-50 democracy 15, 384-5, 573 democracy and war 192-3 denial 15

Denmark 158-9, 272 dependence 264 depression 403 Dervish Army 212 desert warfare 276 despair 15 destinies 483 destiny 15-16, 564 destrigulate 36 destroyers 222 destroyers for bases 129 detente 501 determination 487-8 deterrence 312-13 Deutschland 271 devaluation 410 devolution 385 dictation 51 dictators 29, 264 dictatorships 385-6, 432 diet 521

Difficulties 16, 488

Difficulty increases progressively 471

Dignity 573 dinner 539

Dinner, wine and women 573 diplomacy 16, 432 diplomatic precedence 432 directorship 513-14 dirty dogs and palings 550 disappearage 36 disarmament sidetracks 247 disarmament fable 70-1 discards 550 discipline, army 213-14 discretion abroad 516 discretion at home 516 disease 468

Dislocated shoulder 521-2 dismal Desmonds 36-7 dismissal 516 disinterest 16 disposition 516 Disraeli, Benjamin 339 diversity 564 divided world 313 dog and his day 573 dogs 534-5 doing nothing 16 doodlebugs 290-1 doubts 272

Downing Street, 10: 503 drafts 51

Dream, The 73, 181 drinkable address 37 driving on the left 550 drizzle of empires 37 drugs 468-9, 573 drunk and ugly 550 dual control 16 Duff Cooper, Alfred 554 dukes 573

Dull, drilled, docile 37 Dulles, John Foster 339, 573-4 Dunkirk 273 duty 564

Duty, honour and country 293-4

Earl Marshal 37 economic reality 410 economic strength 410 Economic Warfare, Minister of 554 Eden, Sir Anthony 255-6, 311-12, 329, 339-40, 503 Education 445-53 access to 446-7 adult 447 bilingual 447-8 higher 448-9

Importance 449 personal experiences 451-2 privilege of 452 university 448-9 Edward VII, King 351 Edward VIII, King 351-2 egg laying 39 egotist 516 Egypt 159 18th century 539 Eighth Army 212, 281, 292 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 340-1 Elder Brother of Trinity House 524 election pledges 386 elections 100-1, 129 Elizabeth II coins 558 Elizabeth II, Queen IX, 367-8 Elizabeth, Queen 353 Elliott, Maxine 530 emigration 410-11 Empire and Commonwealth achievements 89-90 administration 90 Africa 90-1 characteristics 91-2 Commonwealth of Nations 92-3 decline 93

Goals and aspirations 93-4 golden circle 80 loss of 499 maintenance 95 naval strategy 222 politics 95 unity 95-6

Empires of the mind 16

Employer powers 411

End of the beginning 8

Enemies 574

Enemy 294

Energy 16, 517

Energy prod 517

Engineers 16-17

England, praise of 79

English 51-2, 448

English, musical 55

English-speaking alliance 432-3

English-speaking people 8-9

Enlistment 214

Enteric fever 469

Envisage 67

Epileptic corpse 37

Equality 386

Estonia 154, 159

Ethics 448

Ethiopia 152

Europe

British role 434 Council of 431 Eastern 433

Franco-German rapprochment 436 Nazified 264-5 post-World War II 433 Third Force 433-4 unity 434-5

Europe, choice for 262-3 European Community 434 European Defence Community 311 evaluation 489 Everest, Elizabeth 341 evil 17

Exercise as pall-bearer to my many friends 522

Exercise Victor 296-7 existence 565 expenditure 411 experience 79, 489 experts 386 explosives 469 exports 411

Expressions, favourite 62-7

Facts 17, 52, 550 failure 17, 565 faith and reason 462 faith-healing 462 false arguments 550 false attributions 570-81 false optimism 489 false quotes XII-XIII false security 252 family 517 fanatic 574

Fanatical intelligentsia 550-1 farming 517 fascism 380, 386 communism 384 fate 17, 517-18 fate and acceptance 565 faults

Chancellor of the Exchequer 518 contentiousness 518 dress 518

Interrupting 518-19 personal 518-19 rudeness 519 sententiousness 519 unpunctuality 519 volubility 519 fauna 533-6

Favourites, personal 532-44 fear 264, 519-20

Foreign Secretaries of the world unite 551 foreword XVIII foresight 17, 489-90, 551 fortune 17 Four-Power Pact 245 fox hunting 477 France 160-1, 501, 574 Army 256

Between the wars 244-5 fall of 272 fleet, attack on 274 invaded 272

German resistance 575 Germany 18, 136-43, 501 air strength 249 armaments 249-50 between the wars 244-5 bombing 143 character 137 concessions to 137 defeat 143 delusions 137 democracy 138 encirclement 138

Fate 138

Friendship with 138-9 General Staff 294-5 menace of 139 Mercantile advantage 139-40 national passions 140 Navy 225 Nazi Party 140 Nazified Europe 264-5 New Order 14o-1 Nurermberg trials 141 occupation of Europe 141 onslaught on the Reich 286 people 141 politics 142 propaganda 142 rearmament 552 rearming 247 refugees 142 reparations 239-40 revenge 142 Rhineland 253 socialism 142 vulnerability 142 women in military 142-3 Germany first 278 Ghana 161

Ghost, The 210, 310, 529-30 ghostly but glittering 38 Gibraltar 94, 272-3

Gilbert, Sir Martin VII, XIX-XX, 562-3

Giraud, Henri 343

Give us the tools 6-7, 18