(1987-1993). Inter-European is set up by the Asprou family at Cardiff, Wales in 1987 to offer passenger charter and inclusive-tour flights for its Asprou Holidays travel firm to European and Mediterranean holiday destinations. M. G. Asprou is chairman with joint managing directors Chris M. Asprou and George M. Asprou. Two Boeing 737-3Y0s are purchased along with a B-737-33A and a B-737-23A; these are employed to inaugurate revenue operations. Operations continue apace in
1988-1989. Destinations visited include Europe, the Greek Islands, Malta, Portugal, Cyprus, Spain, and the Spanish islands.
Airline employment stands at 173 in 1990 and the Dash-23A is leased to Air Aruba, N. V. Enplanements total 411,100 and a net profit of ?3.2 million is generated.
A B-737-4S3 is received and orders are placed in 1991 for four B-757-236s. Passenger boardings more than double to 900,000.
The employee population by 1992 totals 389 as the first chartered B-757-236 is placed into service. Requests are now made for two Airbus Industrie A320-321s. Customer bookings ascend a remarkable 113% to 1.3 million. In June 1993, the company is purchased by Air-tours International, Ltd.
INTER-FRET (INTER-FRET TRANSPORTAERIEN, S. A.): Zaire (1981-1988). Established at Kinshasa in 1981, Inter-Fret undertakes charter and contract passenger and freight services both within Zaire and to other African destinations. For its entire seven-year life span, the company operates a pair of Boeing 707-321Cs.
INTER-ISLAND AIR SERVICES, LTD.: Antigua (1977-1980). Formed as a subsidiary of LIAT (Leeward Islands Air Transport, Ltd.), Inter-Island begins scheduled revenue flights in mid-1977 with a fleet of 3 Britten-Norman BN-2 Islanders and 1 BN-2A Trislander. Destinations served include Barbados, Carriacon, Grenada, St. Lucia, Mus-tique, Union Island, and St. Vincent.
Unable to make a profit in the face of increasing fuel bills and poor traffic yields, the carrier is merged into its parent in 1980.
INTER-ISLAND AIRWAYS (1): United States (1929-1941). With F. C. Atherton as president and Stanley C. Kennedy as general manager, Inter-Island Airways is incorporated at Honolulu under the laws of the territory of Hawaii on January 30, 1929 as an 80%-owned subsidiary of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company. Initial capitalization is $500,000, with authorization to raise that level to $5 million. Start-up working capital total $250,000.
The company’ first pilot, Charles I. “Sam” Elliott joins the paper carrier on August 1. After completion of the first hanger during the summer, a Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker is obtained and beginning on October 6 undertakes passenger sight-seeing flights over Oahu, to and from Koko Head. Meanwhile, two Sikorsky S-38 amphibians ordered earlier arrive by ship at Honolulu from New York via the Panama Canal.
In ceremonies at John Rodgers Airport on November 11, Betty Judd, daughter of Hawaii’s territorial governor, Lawrence M. Judd, christens the two Sikorskys. One, the Hawaii, is then employed to inaugurate the carrier’s scheduled interisland services, Honolulu to Hilo via Maui. Honolulu to Kauai flights begin next day.
A third Sikorsky S-38 is acquired in January 1930 and the company’s 3 amphibians transport a total of 10,367 interisland passengers during this first full year of operations; another 2,600 Honolulu sightseers are also accommodated.
Even though a fourth S-38 is added in July, bookings drop to 9,215 scheduled for 1931 and below 7,000 for each year during 1932-1933.
The Great Depression has a significant impact on bookings. When, following the Airmail Scandal of early 1934, the Post Office rebids all mail-carrying contracts in April, Inter-Island is the only company to apply for Hawaii and in September receives route AM-33, linking the four main islands,.
Rather than a hoped-for subsidy, the Post Office provides only service payments. Still, history is made on October 8 when the first airmail flights in territorial history commence from Honolulu to Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, Lanai, and Molokai. Late in the year, two S-43s are ordered.
Chief pilot Elliott travels to the Sikorsky plant at Stratford, Connecticut, during the fall of 1935 to familiarize himself with the new flying boats, the first of which is delivered on November 18. Elliott ferries the S-43 to Alameda, California, where it is disassembled in the hangar of Pan American Airways (PAA) and shipped to Hawaii by sea. Uncrated and reassembled, the amphibian is placed into service to Hilo on December 20.
Enplanements for the year exceed 13,000.
The second S-43 joins the fleet on January 15, 1936, followed by the third on January 19, 1937.
During June-August 1938, employees of Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company initiate a job action and the strike encourages increased passenger utilization of the subsidiary.
Passenger boardings rise to 28,000.
A fourth Sikorsky S-43 amphibian is delivered on March 7, 1939 and the CAB grants a permanent certificate on June 16. The company’s 10th anniversary is celebrated on November 11.
The outbreak of the European war and heightened tensions in the Pacific bring an increase is bookings and in late 1940 three Douglas DC-3 s are ordered for $483,000.
During the last week of August 1941 the three aircraft are flown in a V-formation from Long Beach to Honolulu; the flight, the longest over water by DC-3s to date, requires 14 hrs. 58 min. During September, the new aircraft are christened The Moanalua, The Haleakala, and The Wa-ialeale.
Thinking ahead to transpacific operations, company officials on October 1 change the corporate identity to Hawaiian Air Lines (the present single-word suffix being elected in 1960).
INTER-ISLAND AIRWAYS (2): United States (1964-1980). Jack Chapman forms this small carrier at St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands, in the fall of 1964 to offer scheduled passenger flights to San Juan, Puerto Rico, and to Tortola and charter flights throughout the Caribbean. Daily Piper PA-23 Aztec roundtrips commence on October 21.
When operations cease on March 19, 1980, Chapman is employing just one Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander.
INTER-ISLAND AIRWAYS (3): Pago Pago International Airport, 1000 Airport Road, P. O. Box 4929, Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799, United States; Phone (684) 633-7000; Fax (684) 633-5727; Http://www. samoanet. com/iia; Year Founded 1993. UA-3 is established at Pago Pago in 1993 to offer interisland FAR Part 125 air taxi and charter services. Employing a pair of Aero Commander 680s, revenue passenger and cargo flights commence linking the company’s base with Ofu and Tau Islands, as well as to the independent country of Western Samoa. A new hangar is constructed late in the year.
During the next three years, President Alex Sene Jr. and Vice President Barney Sene oversee the investment of $2 million in their concern and make the decision to seek a scheduled Part 135 certificate from the FAA. A Fairchild Dornier 228-212 is acquired late in 1997.
Scheduled and charter services continue.
INTER-ISLAND AIRWAYS, LTD.: Seychelles (1976-1979). Established at Mahe in August 1976, Managing Director P. Benniman’s 22-employee IIA is equipped with 1 Britten-Norman BN-2 III Trislander, 1 BN-2 Islander, and 1 Piper PA-23 Aztec. Scheduled services are undertaken in the fall linking the capital with the islands of Darros, Platte, Bird, Denis, and Frigate. Passenger and cargo ad hoc charters are also undertaken.
The company is combined with Air Mahe, Ltd. in July 1979 to create Air Seychelles, Ltd.
INTER ISLAND EXPRESS: Base Aerea Muniz, Isla Verde, Puerto Rico, United States; Phone (787) 253-1400; Fax (787) 253-1410; http: Www. interislandexpress. cm; Year Founded 2000. Inter Island Express is established at San Juan in 2000 to offer local and Caribbean air cargo and passenger charters. Revenue flights begin with a new Cessna 208 Grand Caravan and destinations visited include Culebra, Vieques, St. Thomas, St. Croix, the British Virgin Islands, St. Martien, Anquilla, St. Kitts, Antigua, Guadaloupe, Nevis, and St. Barths.
INTER PILOTO, S. A.: Portugal (1994-1995). Inter Piloto is established at Lisbon in 1994 to offer ad hoc passenger and cargo charters. Revenue flights commence with a single Convair CV-580. Flights cease in 1995.
INTER-PROVINCIAL AIRWAYS, LTD.: Canada (1929-1930). In early 1929, Fairchild Aviation Company, Ltd. is renamed InterProvincial. In addition to the routes of the merger partner, the carrier now offers passenger and freight service from Montreal to Fort Erie. Mail flights begin from Oskelaneo to Chibougamau on December 24.
On November 25, 1930, the company, controlled by the Aviation Corporation of Canada, Ltd. is merged with Western Canada Airways, Ltd. to form Canadian Airways, Ltd.
INTER-RCA, S. A.: Central African Republic (1980-1985). With assistance from the UTA French Airlines, S. A. subsidiary Sodetraf, Inter-RCA is formed by the government at Bangui in 1980. Equipped with two Douglas DC-3s, the company begins revenue operations in 1981 linking the capital with Bambari, Bangassou, Berberati, Birao, Bria, Carnot, Ouadda, and Ouanda Djaile. Within five years of its start-up, the carrier is gone, its services largely replaced by Air Tchad, S. A.
INTER-VALLEY AIRLINES: United States (1983-1991). InterValley is established at Chugiak, Alaska, in the spring of 1983 to provide scheduled passenger and cargo commuter service. Revenue flights commence in April to Anchorage, Whittier, Birchwood, Settler’s Bay, and other small communities. Unable to maintain viability in the face of recession, the Cessna lightplane operator expires in 1991.
INTERAIR, A. B.: Business Terminal, Malmo-Sturup Airport, Malmo-Sturup, S 230 32, Sweden; Phone 46 (40) 500300; Fax 46 (40) 500309; Year Founded 1981. Interair is the FBO originally established at Malmo-Sturup Airport in 1981. Over the next 19 years, the company also undertakes worldwide executive and small group passenger charters with a fleet that includes 3 Cessna Citations and 2 Dassault Falcon 10s.
INTERAMERICANA CARGO VENEZUELA, S. A.: Venezuela (1982-1995). One of the few Latin American all-cargo airlines to survive into the 1990s, Interamericana is formed at Caracas in 1982 to offer charter and contract cargo services. Services initially begin with a Douglas DC-8-55F over routes to South American destinations as well as Miami. Later in the decade, a second DC-8-55F is acquired.
The economic recession of the early 1990s forces the company to reevaluate its equipment situation. The two DC-8-55Fs are sold in 1990 and replaced by the first leased unit, a DC-8-54F acquired from Argo Air. In 1992, the company elects to lease its flight equipment from Fine Air, obtaining two DC-8-54Fs. One aircraft is returned in 1993 and operations continue without change thereafter until 1995, when the company encounters fiscal problems and shuts down.
INTERANDES, S. A.: Colombia (1979-1993). Interandes is established as an air taxi at Bogota in 1979. Employing a single Douglas DC-3, the carrier undertakes cargo and ad hoc passenger charters until its demise in early 1993.
INTERBRASIL STAR, S. A. (SISTEMA TRANSBRASIL DE AU-TOMACAO DE RESERVAS, S. A.): Rua General Pantaleao, Teles 40, Transbrasil Aeroporto, Sao Paulo-SP, CEP-04355-040, Brazil; Phone 55 (11) 533-7111; Fax 55 (11) 543-8048; Http://www. transbrasil. com. br/i/inter 1.htm; Http://shsibm. shh. fi/an944420/ inter. htm; Code Q9; Year Founded 1994. Interbrasil is established at Sao Paulo in early spring 1994 to provide third-level regional scheduled passenger and cargo feeder services and charter flights. A total of $18 million is invested in the company by Transbrasil, S. A. (Linhas Aereas), with financing supplied by BINDES-Banco Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Economico e Social via its Finame agency. Marcos Antonio Lacerda de Athayde is named president and a $22-million order is placed for three Embraer EMB-120 Brasilias.
Late in the year, Transbrasil S. A. (Linhas Aereas) assigns spring delivery to its daughter of three EMB-145 Amazons, the first jetliner to be designed and built in Brazil. Options are taken on eight others.
Ten months late, the first EMB-120 Brasilia is delivered during the third week of May 1995, with the other two arriving in June. Revenue flights commence on July 3 with the three Brasilias, which are based at Brasilia, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, and Sao Paulo. These will feed Transbrasil, S. A. (Linhas Aereas) from markets at Gaiania, Londrina, Foz do Iguacu, Chapeco, Concordia, and Porto Alegre.
In 1996, a Boeing 737-3Q4 is subleased from Transbrasil, S. A. (Linhas Aereas) and the route network is expanded to cover the interior of Sao Paulo State and the states of Parana and Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. Destinations added include Campinas, Guaruihos, Londrina, Maringa, and Riberirao Preto.
Enplanements for the first full year of service total 52,715.
As 1997 begins, the EMB-145s expected in 1995 have still not been delivered. Flights continue in 1998-1999, during which years four Amazons join the fleet.
At the beginning of 2000, the company serves 11 Brazilian cities with daily service, while providing instant connections with Transbrasil, S. A. Linhas Aereas flights at the international airports of Porto Alegre, Florianopolis, Sao Paulo, and Brasilia.
World History
