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Contemporary history
The twentieth century was an era of paradox. When it began, Western civilization was a patchwork of squabbling states that bestrode the world like a colossus. As the century came to an end, the West was prosperous and increasingly united, yet there were signs that despite the recent financial crisis in Asia, global economic and political hegemony were beginning to shift to the East. The era of Western dominance had come to an end. It had been an era marked by war and revolution but also by rapid industrial growth and widespread economic prosperity, a time of growing interdependence but also of burgeoning ethnic and national consciousness, a period that witnessed the rising power of science but also fervent religiosity and growing doubts about the impact of technology on the human experience. Twentieth-Century World History attempts to chronicle the key events in this revolutionary century while seeking to throw light on some of the underlying issues that shaped the times.
A HISTORY OF THE WORLD FROM THE 20th TO THE 21st CENTURY
J. A. S. Grenville
- THE EISENHOWER AND KENNEDY YEARS, 1954–63
- THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS, OCTOBER 1962
- THE US DURING THE 1960s
- TURMOIL, WAR AND BLOODSHED IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA
- THE VIETNAM WAR AND AFTER
- MAO’S CHINA
- THE REVOLUTION CHANGES COURSE
- INDIA, PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH
- JAPAN, TAIWAN, HONG KONG, SINGAPORE AND SOUTH KOREA
- FROM WHITE SUPREMACY TO DEMOCRACY
- CRUSHING THE PRAGUE SPRING AND THE FAILURE OF REFORM
- FROM GREAT ASPIRATIONS TO DISILLUSION
- GORBACHEV, YELTSIN AND PUTIN
- REAGAN, BUSH AND CLINTON
- PREFACE
- THE EMERGENCE OF THE US AS A WORLD POWER
- THE WORLD FROM THE 20th TO THE 21st CENTURY
- HEREDITARY FOES AND UNCERTAIN ALLIES
- IMPERIAL GERMANY: ACHIEVEMENT AND EXCESS
- REPUBLICAN FRANCE: FROM THE ‘BELLE EPOQUE’ TO WAR
- ITALY: ASPIRATIONS TO POWER
- THE BRITISH EMPIRE PREMONITION OF DECLINE
- THE LAST DECADES OF THE MULTINATIONAL RUSSIAN AND HABSBURG EMPIRES
- THE FIVE-WEEK CRISIS, 28 JUNE–1 AUGUST 1914
- THE EMERGENCE OF JAPAN, 1900–29
- CHINA IN DISINTEGRATION, 1900–29
- WAR WITHOUT DECISION, 1914–16
- WAR AND REVOLUTION IN THE EAST, 1917
- THE END OF WAR IN THE WEST, 1917–18
- PEACEMAKING IN AN UNSTABLE WORLD, 1918–23
- WEIMAR GERMANY
- BRITAIN, FRANCE AND THE US FROM WAR TO PEACE
- ITALY AND THE RISE OF FASCISM
- THE DEPRESSION, 1929–39
- ‘COMMUNISM IN TRANSITION’
- THE FAILURE OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY IN GERMANY AND THE RISE OF HITLER, 1920–34
- THE MOUNTING CONFLICT IN EASTERN ASIA, 1928–37
- THE CRUMBLING PEACE, 1933–6
- THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR AND EUROPE, 1936–9
- THE OUTBREAK OF WAR IN EUROPE, 1937–9
- GERMANY’S WARS OF CONQUEST IN EUROPE, 1939–41
- THE CHINA WAR AND THE ORIGINS OF THE PACIFIC WAR, 1937–41
- THE ORDEAL OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
- THE VICTORY OF THE ALLIES, 1941–5
- THE ALLIES AND THE GERMANS
- THE PRICE OF VICTORY AND THE EXPANDING EMPIRE
- A LEGACY TOO HEAVY TO BEAR
- A VEIL OVER THE PAST
- THE ENEMY FORGIVEN
- A RELUCTANT WORLD POWER
- CRISIS IN EUROPE – PRAGUE AND BERLIN
- THE PHILIPPINES, MALAYA, INDONESIA AND INDO-CHINA
- FROM THE RAJ TO INDEPENDENCE, 1947
- THE END OF CIVIL WAR AND THE VICTORY OF THE COMMUNISTS
- CRISIS IN ASIA – WAR IN KOREA
- A PROFILE OF THE MIDDLE EAST
- THE MIDDLE EAST BETWEEN TWO WORLD WARS, 1919–45
- BRITAIN, ISRAEL AND THE ARABS, 1945–9
- CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST – SUEZ
- THE STRUGGLE FOR PREDOMINANCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
- THE SOVIET UNION AND THE WEST
- THE POLISH CHALLENGE AND THE HUNGARIAN RISING
- THE SOVIET UNION AND THE WIDER WORLD
- CAUTION AT HOME AND CONTAINMENT ABROAD
- ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POLITICAL STABILITY
- ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY
- THE FIFTH REPUBLIC AND THE RETURN OF DE GAULLE
- BETTER TIMES AND RETREAT FROM EMPIRE
- THE TRIBULATIONS AND SUCCESSES OF ITALIAN DEMOCRACY
- AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
- THE WORLD OF LATIN AMERICA
- COSTA RICA, NICARAGUA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, PANAMA AND MEXICO
- THE END OF WHITE RULE IN WEST AFRICA
- FREEDOM AND CONFLICT IN CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA
- WAR AND FAMINE IN THE HORN OF AFRICA
- REACHING MATURITY
- PROGRESS DESPITE POLITICS
- CONSERVATIVE AND LABOUR REMEDIES
- THE REVIVAL OF FRANCE
- THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
- THE DEATH OF COMMUNISM IN EASTERN EUROPE
- CONTINUING TURMOIL AND WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST
- A REQUIEM
- THE ‘WAR ON TERROR’
- THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Twentieth-Century World History
William J. Duiker
- PREFACE
- THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY IN THE WEST
- THE SPREAD OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- New Products and New Patterns
- Toward a World Economy
- THE STRUCTURE OF MASS SOCIETY
- The Social Structure of Mass Societ
- REACTION AND REVOLUTION: THE DECLINE OF THE OLD ORDER
- Liberalism and Nationalism
- The Unification of Germany and Italy
- Roots of Revolution in Russia
- The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans
- LIBERALISM TRIUMPHANT
- The United States and Canada
- Change and Tradition in Latin America
- THE RISE OF THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT
- TOWARD THE MODERN CONSCIOUSNESS: INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS
- Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a New Physics
- Sigmund Freud and the Emergence of Psychoanalysis
- Literature and the Arts: The Culture of Modernity
- CONCLUSION
- THE HIGH TIDE OF IMPERIALISM: AFRICA AND ASIA IN AN ERA OF WESTERN DOMINANCE
- THE MYTH OF EUROPEAN SUPERIORITY
- THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULE
- The British Conquest of India
- The Colonial Takeover of Southeast Asia
- Empire Building in Africa
- THE GROWING EUROPEAN PRESENCE IN WEST AFRICA
- IMPERIALIST SHADOW OVER THE NILE
- THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
- BANTUS, BOERS, AND BRITISH IN SOUTH AFRICA
- THE COLONIAL SYSTEM
- The Philosophy of Colonialism
- Colonialism in Action
- INDIA UNDER THE BRITISH RAJ
- COLONIAL REGIMES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
- COLONIALISM IN AFRICA
- CONCLUSION
- SHADOWS OVER THE PACIFIC: EAST ASIA UNDER CHALLENGE
- CHINA AT ITS APEX
- TRADITIONAL CHINA IN DECLINE
- Opium and Rebellion
- The Climax of Imperialism in China
- The Open Door
- The Collapse of the Old Order
- Chinese Society in Transition
- TRADITIONAL JAPAN AND THE END OF ISOLATION
- RICH COUNTRY, STRONG ARMY
- The Transformation of Japanese Politics
- Meiji Economics
- Building a Modern Social Structure
- Joining the Imperialist Club
- The Meiji Restoration: A Revolution from Above
- Reflection
- WAR AND REVOLUTION: WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH
- INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY AND THE COMING OF WAR
- The Road to World War I
- The Yanks Are Comin
- The Home Front: The Impact of Total War
- THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
- The Bolshevik Revolution
- The Civil War
- An Uncertain Peace: The Search for Security
- No Return to Normalcy
- The Great Depression
- Socialism in One Country
- THE SEARCH FOR A NEW REALITY IN THE ARTS
- CONCLUSION
- NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION, AND DICTATORSHIP: AFRICA, ASIA, AND LATIN AMERICA FROM 1919 TO 1939
- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM
- Traditional Resistance: A Precursor to Nationalism
- Modern Nationalism
- INDEPENDENCE OR MODERNIZATION? THE NATIONALIST QUANDARY
- GANDHI AND THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
- MUSTAPHA KEMAL AND THE MODERNIZATION OF TURKEY
- MODERNIZATION IN IRAN
- THE RISE OF ARAB NATIONALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF PALESTINE
- Nationalism and Revolution in Asia and Africa
- REVOLUTION IN CHINA
- Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: The New Culture Movement
- The Nanjing Republic
- Social Change in Republican China
- Experiment in Democracy
- A Zaibatsu Economy
- Shidehara Diplomacy
- The Economy and the United States
- The Move to Authoritarianism
- Latin American Culture
- CONCLUSION
- THE CRISIS DEEPENS: THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR II
- RETREAT FROM DEMOCRACY: THE RISE OF DICTATORIAL REGIMES
- The Birth of Fascism
- Hitler and Nazi Germany
- HITLER’S RISE TO POWER, 1919–1933
- THE NAZI STATE, 1933–1939
- Authoritarian States in Europe
- The Soviet Union
- The Rise of Militarism in Japan
- The Path to War in Europe
- STALIN SEEKS A UNITED FRONT
- DECISION AT MUNICH
- Europe at War
- Asia at War
- The Turning Point of the War, 1942–1943
- The Last Years of the War
- The New Order in Europe
- The Holocaust
- The New Order in Asia
- THE HOME FRONT: THREE EXAMPLES
- AFTERMATH OF THE WAR
- CONCLUSION
- Reflection
- IN THE GRIP OF THE COLD WAR: THE BREAKDOWN OF THE YALTA SYSTEM
- THE COLLAPSE OF THE GRAND ALLIANCE
- The Truman Doctrine and the Beginnings of Containment
- Europe Divided
- COLD WAR IN ASIA
- The Chinese Civil War
- The Korean War
- Conflict in Indochina
- FROM CONFRONTATION TO COEXISTENCE
- Khrushchev and the Era of Peaceful Coexistence
- The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Move Toward Détente
- The Sino-Soviet Dispute
- The Second Indochina War
- AN ERA OF EQUIVALENCE
- An End to Détente?
- Countering the Evil Empire
- CONCLUSION
- BRAVE NEW WORLD: THE RISE AND FALL OF COMMUNISM IN THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE
- From Stalin to Khrushchev
- The Brezhnev Years, 1964–1982
- A CONTROLLED SOCIETY
- A STAGNANT ECONOMY
- PROBLEMS OF GERONTOCRACY
- FERMENT IN EASTERN EUROPE
- CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN THE SOVIET BLOC
- Cultural Expression
- Social Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
- THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE SOVIET EMPIRE
- The Gorbachev Era
- The New Russia: From Empire to Nation
- Eastern Europe: From Soviet Satellites to Sovereign Nations
- CONCLUSION
- POSTWAR EUROPE: ON THE PATH TO UNITY?
- WESTERN EUROPE: RECOVERY AND RENEWAL
- The Triumph of Democracy in Postwar Europe
- FRANCE: EXPECTATIONS OF GRANDEUR
- WEST GERMANY: THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE
- GREAT BRITAIN: SUNSET FOR THE EMPIRE
- Western Europe: The Search for Unity
- EUROPE REUNITED: THE CURTAIN RISES
- The Disintegration of Yugoslavia
- Germany: The Party’s Over
- France: A Season of Discontent
- Great Britain: Move to the Left
- The Move Toward European Unity: Staying the Course?
- An Age of Affluence
- Expanding Roles for Women
- The Environment and the Green Movements
- ASPECTS OF CULTURE IN POSTWAR EUROPE
- THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND LATIN AMERICA
- THE EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES
- The United States Moves Right
- Return to Hegemony
- TERRORIST ATTACK ON THE UNITED STATES
- CANADA: IN THE SHADOW OF GOLIATH
- DEMOCRACY, DICTATORSHIP, AND DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA SINCE 1945
- THE CUBAN REVOLUTION
- CHILE
- NICARAGUA
- Nationalism and the Military: The Examples of Argentina and Brazil
- ARGENTINA
- BRAZIL
- The Mexican Way
- The Melting Pot in Action
- Women and Society
- The Environment
- TRENDS IN THE ARTS
- Popular Culture
- THE SEARCH FOR A NEW LITERATURE
- Science and Technology
- CONCLUSION
- THE EAST IS RED: CHINA UNDER COMMUNISM
- New Democracy
- The Transition to Socialism
- The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
- From Mao to Deng
- Incident at Tiananmen Square
- From Marx to Confucius
- The Politics of the Mass Line
- Economics in Command
- CHINA’S CHANGING CULTURE
- CONCLUSION
- UHURU: THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE
- The Colonial Legacy
- THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS
- THE SEARCH FOR COMMUNITY
- RECENT TRENDS
- CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN MODERN AFRICAN SOCIETIES
- African Women
- African Culture
- AFRICA: DARK OR RADIANT CONTINENT?
- CONCLUSION: GATHERED AT THE BEACH
- CRESCENT OF CONFLICT
- The Question of Palestine
- Nasser and Pan-Arabism
- The Arab-Israeli Dispute
- Revolution in Iran
- Crisis in the Gulf
- POLITICS IN THE CONTEMPORARY MIDDLE EAST
- The Economics of Oil
- The Islamic Revival
- Women and Islam
- KEEPING THE CAMEL OUT OF THE TENT
- CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE AND ART IN THE MIDDLE EAST
- CONCLUSION
- NATIONALISM TRIUMPHANT: THE EMERGENCE OF INDEPENDENT STATES IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
- The End of the British Raj
- Independent India
- AN EXPERIMENT IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM
- TWO VISIONS FOR INDIA
- THE POST-NEHRU ERA
- The Land of the Pure: Pakistan Since Independence
- THE POLITICS OF COMMUNALISM
- THE ECONOMY
- SAY NO TO MCDONALD’S AND KFC!
- CASTE, CLASS, AND GENDER
- South Asian Art and Literature Since Independence
- Gandhi’s Vision
- SOUTHEAST ASIA
- THE SEARCH FOR A NEW POLITICAL CULTURE
- THE GOLDEN THROAT OF PRESIDENT SUKARNO
- RECENT TRENDS TOWARD DEMOCRACY
- INCREASING PROSPERITY AND FINANCIAL CRISIS
- Regional Conflict and Cooperation: The Rise of ASEAN
- Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary Southeast Asia
- Cultural Trends
- A REGION IN FLUX
- TOWARD THE PACIFIC CENTURY?
- JAPAN: ASIAN GIANT
- THE EMPEROR IS NOT DIVINE
- The Transformation of Modern Japan: Politics and Government
- The Economy
- A Society in Transition
- Religion and Culture
- SOUTH KOREA: A PENINSULA DIVIDED
- TAIWAN: THE OTHER CHINA
- SINGAPORE AND HONG KONG: THE LITTLEST TIGER
- ON THE MARGINS OF ASIA: POSTWAR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
- CONCLUSION
- Reflection
- CONSTRUCTING A NEW WORLD ORDER
- AFTER THE COLD WAR: THE END OF HISTORY?
- PROBLEMS OF CAPITALISM
- CONTEMPORARY CIVILIZATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS
- Europe: Unity or Disunity?
- The United States: Capitalism Ascendant
- Asian Miracle or Asian Myth?
- Crises in the Balkans, 1908–1913
- Illusions and Stalemate, 1914–1915
- The Great Slaughter, 1916–1917
- The Last Year of the War
- The Peace Settlement
- The Path to War in Asia
- THE LEGACY OF THE PAST: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN CHINESE SOCIETY
- Reflection
- EMERGING AFRICA
- The Rise of Nationalism
- Pan-Africanism and Nationalism: The Destiny of Africa
- Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions in Contemporary Africa
- FROM THE INDUSTRIAL TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION
- The Family
- Religion
- Technology
- Capitalism
- ONE WORLD, ONE ENVIRONMENT
- THE POPULATION DEBATE
- GLOBAL VILLAGE OR CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS?
- THE ARTS: MIRROR OF THE AGE
- AN AGE OF POSTMODERNISM
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