The Near East

K.  Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East (London, 2003), 135-79.

H. C. Butler, Early Churches in Syria. Fourth to Seventh Centuries (Princeton, 1929, repr. Amsterdam, 1969).

M. O. H. Carver, “Transitions to Islam: Urban roles in the east and south Mediterranean, fifth to tenth centuries AD,” in N. Christie and S. T. Loseby, Towns in Transition. Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Aldershot, 1996), 184-212.

P. Casey, “Justinian, the limitanei, and Arab-Byzantine relations in the sixth century,” JRA 9 (1996), 214-22.

M. Decker, “Food for an empire: Wine and oil production in North Syria,” in S. Kingsley and M. Decker (eds.), Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late Antiquity (Oxford, 2001), 69-86.

C. Foss, “The near eastern countryside in late antiquity: A review article,” in J. Humphreys (ed.), The Roman and Byzantine Near East. Some Recent Archaeological Research (Michigan, 1995), 213-34.

C. Foss, “Syria in transition AD 550-750. An archaeological approach,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 51 (1997), 189-269.

C. Foss, “Urban and rural housing in Syria,” JRA 13 (2000), 796-800 (review article).

E. K. Fowden, The Barbarian Plain. Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran (Berkeley, 1999).

P.-L. Gatier, “Villages du Proche-Orient protobyzantin,” in G. King and A. Cameron (eds.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East (Princeton, 1994), 17-48.

C. A. M. Glucker, The City of Gaza in the Roman and Byzantine Periods (Oxford, 1987).

L.  J. Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in Late Antiquity (London and New York, 2004).

Y. Hirschfeld, The Palestinian Dwelling in the Roman-Byzantine Period (Jerusalem, 1995).

Y. Hirschfeld, “Social aspects of the late-antique village of Shivta (Negev),” JRA 16 (2003), 395-408.

A. Hoffmann and S. Kerner (eds.), Gadara-Gerasa und die Dekapolis (Antike Welt Son-derband, Mainz, 2002).

H. Kennedy, “From polis to medina: Urban change in late antique and early Islamic Syria,” Past and Present 106 (1985), 3-27.

H. Kennedy, “The last century of Byzantine Syria: A reinterpretation,” Byzantinische Forschungen 10 (1985), 141-54.

H.  Kennedy and W. Liebeschuetz, “Antioch and the villages of northern Syria in the fifth and sixth centuries: Trends and problems,” Nottingham Medieval Studies 32 (1988), 65-90.

M. Konrad, “Research on the Roman and early Byzantine frontier in North Syria,” JRA 12 (1999), 392-410.

W. Liebeschuetz, “Late late antiquity in the cities of the Roman Near East,” Mediterraneo Antico (economic societa culture) 3 (2000), 43-75.

P. Mayerson, The Ancient Agricultural Systems of Nessana and the Central Negeb (London, 1960).

I.  Pena, The Christian Art of Byzantine Syria (Eng. trans. Reading, 1996).

J. - P. Sodini, “ Productions et echanges dans le monde protobyzantine (rVe-Vne siecle):

Le cas de la ceramique,” in Byzans als Raum (Vienna, 2000), 181-208.

C. Strube, Die “toten Stadte.” Stadt und Land in Nordsyrien in der Spdtantike (Mainz, 1996).

G. Tate, Les campagnes de Syrie du Nord I (Paris, 1992).

G. Tchalenko, Villages antiques de la Syrie du Nord I-III (Paris, 1958).

Y. Tsafrir and G. Foerster, “Urbanism at Scythopolis: Bet Shean in the fourth to seventh centuries,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 51 (1997), 85-146.

F. Villeneuve, “L’economie rurale et la vie des campagnes dans le Hauran antique,” in

J. M. Dentzer (ed.), Hauran I (Paris, 1986), 63-129.

B. de Vries, “Continuity and change in the urban character of the southern Hauran from the 5th to the 9th century: the archaeological evidence at Umm al-Jimal,” Mediterranean Archaeology 13 (2000), 39-46.

A. Walmsley, “Byzantine Palestine and Arabia: Urban prosperity in late antiquity,” in N. Christie and S. T. Loseby, Towns in Transition. Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Aldershot, 1996), 126-58.