Before 200:
Paul = Paulus (Paulos), Apostle, author of Epistles (mid 1st c.)
Marc = Marcus (Markos), Apostle, evangelist (2nd half of the 1st c.)
Matthew = Mattheus (Matthaios), Apostle, evangelist (2nd half of the 1st c.)
Luke = Lucas (Loukas), Apostle, evangelist and author of Acts (2nd half of the 1st c.) [John = Iohannes (Ioannes)], Book of Revelation (Apocalypse) (end 1st c.)
Anon., Pseudepigraphic letters in the New Testament (end 1st, begin 2nd c.)
Ignace = Ignatius (Ignatios) of Antioch (early 2nd c.)
Polycarp = Polycarpus (Polukarpos) of Smyrna (1st half of the 2nd c.)
Hermas of Rome (1st half of the 2nd c.)
Anon., Epistle of Barnabas (1st half of the 2nd c.)
Marcion (Markion) of Sinope (2nd c.)
Basilides (Basileides) of Alexandria (2nd c.)
Valentinus of Rome (2nd c.)
Athenagoras of Athens (2nd c.)
Melitto (Melitton) of Sardes (2nd c.)
Justin = Justinus (Ioustinos) (2nd c.)
Anon., Apocryph Gospels and Acts of Apostles (2nd half of the 2nd c.)
Clemens (Klemens) of Alexandria (2nd half of the 2nd c.)
Irenaeus (Irenaios) of Lyon (2nd half of the 2nd c.)
Tatian = Tatianus (Tatianos) (2nd half of the 2nd c.)
Greek authors from ca. 200:
Hippolytus (Hippolutos) of Rome (early 3rd c.)
Origenes of Alexandria, active in Caesarea (1st half of the 3rd c.)
Dionysius (Dionusios) of Alexandria (3rd c.)
Eusebius (Eusebios) of Caesarea (ca. 300)
Athanasius (Athanasios) of Alexandria (1st half of the 4th c.)
Basil = Basilius (Basileios) of Caesarea in Cappadocia (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Gregory = Gregorius (Gregorios) of Nazianze (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Gregory = Gregorius (Gregorios) of Nyssa (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Didymus (Didumos) of Alexandria (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Apollinaris of Laodicea (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Synesius (Sunesios) of Cyrene (ca. 400)
Diodorus (Diodoros) ofTarsus (ca. 400)
Theodorus (Theodoros) of Mopsuestia (ca. 400)
John Chrysostom = Iohannes Chrysostomus (Ioannes Chrusostomos) of Antioch and Constantinople (ca. 400)
Theodoretus (Theodoretos) of Cyrrhus (1st half of the 5th c.)
Cyril = Cyrilus (Kourillos) of Alexandria (1st half of the 5th c.)
Evagrius Ponticus (Euagrios Pontikos) (1st half of the 5th c.)
Palladius (Palladios) (1st half of the 5th c.)
Pseudo-Dionysus the Areopagite (Dionusios Areopagites) (2nd half of the 5th c.)
Latin authors from ca. 200:
Minucius Felix (ca. 200)
Tertullian = Tertullianus of Carthage (ca. 200)
Cyprian = Cyprianus of Carthage (1st half of the 3rd c.) Novatianus (2nd half of the 3rd c.)
Commodianus (2nd half of the 3rd c.?)
Arnobius (ca. 300)
Lactantius (1st half of the 3rd c.)
Firmicus Maternus (4th c.)
Marius Victorinus (4th c.)
Juvencus (4th c.)
Prudentius (4th c.)
Jerome = Hieronymus (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Ambrose = Ambrosius (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Paulinus of Nola (2nd half of the 4th c.)
Sulpicius Severus (ca. 400)
Pelagius (ca. 400)
Augustine = Augustinus (ca. 400)
Salvianus (1st half of the 5th c.)
CHRONOLOGY
Antiquity: Greeks andRomans in Context, First Edition. Frederick G. Naerebout and HenkW. Singor. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 byJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Italy and the Aegean/Greek world Egypt
Western Mediterranean
2000
Bronze Age on Crete, the Cyclades and the Greek mainland; Minoan culture on Crete (Knossos)
Ca. 2100 Middle Kingdom (Thebes)
1900
1800
1700
Decline of the Middle Kingdom
Bronze Age in Italy “Italic peoples” come to Italy
Bronze Age in Western Europe
The Hyksos invade Egypt
New Kingdom; the Hyksos driven out; 18th dynasty (Thebes)
Mycenaean culture on the Greek mainland
1600
Egyptian conquests in Nubia and in Palestine/Syria
1500
1400
1300
Decline of the Cycladic and Minoan cultures Mycenaean Greeks invade Crete Highpoint ofthe Mycenaean culture (Mycenae, Pylos)
Disruptions in Greece (invasions by the Sea Peoples?); end of the Mycenaean culture
Attacks by Sea Peoples; Egypt stands firm
|
Near East |
Central-Asia and India |
China | |
|
2000 |
Independent Sumerian |
Indus culture in |
Neolithic; first states |
|
City-states in decline; |
Present-day Pakistan |
Form around the | |
|
Invasions by mountain tribes; rise of Babylon |
Yellow River | ||
|
1900 | |||
|
1800 |
Hammurabi rules over | ||
|
Babylon | |||
|
1700 |
Arrival of the | ||
|
Indo-Aryans | |||
|
Invasions by Hittites | |||
|
And Mitanni, decline of Babylon, and rise of Assyria | |||
|
Hittite empire in Asia |
Shang dynasty; Bronze | ||
|
Minor and Syria; Palestine under Egyptian rule |
Age | ||
|
1600 | |||
|
1500 | |||
|
1400 |
Indo-Aryan states at the | ||
|
Indus and the Ganges | |||
|
1300 |
Fall of the Hittite | ||
|
Empire; Aramaeans and Hebrews (Israelites) in Palestine, Syria, and Mesopotamia | |||
|
1200 |
Italy and the western |
Aegean/Greek world |
Egypt ca. 2100 Middle |
|
Mediterranean |
Kingdom (Thebes) |
|
Italy and the western Mediterranean |
Aegean/Greek world |
Egypt | |
|
1100 |
End of the New Kingdom | ||
|
1000 |
Dorian migration |
Libyan and Ethiopian | |
|
Dynasties | |||
|
Hallstatt culture in Central |
Ionian and Aeolian | ||
|
Europe |
Migrations | ||
|
900 |
Etruscan culture in Italy; | ||
|
Foundation of Carthage | |||
|
800 |
Revival of Greek culture; rise | ||
|
Of the polis, renewed contact with the Near East; | |||
|
Start of the so-called archaic colonization | |||
|
Greek settlement in Southern | |||
|
Italy and on Sicily | |||
|
700 |
Etruscan expansion; Rome an |
Conquest by Assyria | |
|
Etruscan city |
Egypt quickly regains independence Under the 26th dynasty (Sais) | ||
|
600 |
Codification oflaws in the | ||
|
Greek poleis; Solon in Athens; rise ofthe Spartan social model | |||
|
Latt'ne culture in Western |
525 conquest by Cambyses; | ||
|
Europe |
Egypt part of the Persian Empire | ||
|
Etruscans removed from |
Persian Wars: 490 Marathon, | ||
|
Rome, creation of the |
480 Salamis; creation of the | ||
|
Roman Republic |
Delian League (First Athenian Empire); Peloponnesian War | ||
|
500 | |||
|
400 |
Rome expands across Latium |
Rise of Macedon 338 Battle of Chaeronea 336-323 Alexander the Great |
332/1 Alexander the Great in |
|
In Egypt, foundation of Alexandria; the Ptolemies; | |||
|
Ptolemies and Seleucids fight over Syria | |||
|
300 |
Rome conquers Italy to the south of the Po river 264-241 First Punic War 218-201 Second Punic War Rome starts expanding in |
Egypt loses control of | |
|
Spain and in Greece |
Palestine (217) | ||
|
200 |
146 Rome conquers Carthage |
148 Rome conquers Macedon 146 Destruction of Corinth, | |
|
Greece turned into a Roman province | |||
|
100 |
Near East
Central-Asia and India
China
1100
1000
900
800
700
Israelite kings: David, Salomo
Israelite kingdom split into Judea and Israel; Phoenician states flourish; Assyria begins a renewed expansion
721 Fall ofSamaria The Assyrian Empire reaches its largest extension
Zhou dynasty; Chinese culture
Expands to West and South 770 Luoyang capital of the
Eastern Zhou
Political fragmentation Of China
600
500
400
612Fall of Nineveh, demise of Assyria
587 Fall ofJerusalem;
New-Babylonian Empire 539 Babylon conquered by the Persians Persian Empire
Warring States Period
334-323 Alexander the Great conquers the Persian Empire the Seleucid dynasty is Alexander’s heir
327-325 Alexander the Great in India
305 Treaty between Chandragupta and Seleucus I; Maurya dynasty (Pataliputra)
300
Ca. 250 Greek Bactria independent; rise ofthe Parthians in Iran; rise of Pergamon in Asia Minor
200
190-100 Indo-Greek kings
221 Political unification under the Qin dynasty 206 The Han dynasty; expansion in
Ca. 120 Opening up of the Silk
Road
Chang’an becomes the capital
A Kushan Empire created on the Indus and in Afghanistan
|
Italy and the western Mediterranean |
Aegean/Greek world |
Egypt | |
|
64 Syria part of the | |||
|
Roman Empire; 30 Egypt part of the Roman Empire; | |||
|
End of the Roman |
46 Corinth re-founded; |
30 Egypt incorporated | |
|
Republic; Augustus |
Creation of the | ||
|
1 |
(27bc-14 ad) first emperor |
Province of Achaea |
Into the Roman Empire |
|
Growth of the Roman | |||
|
Empire | |||
|
100 |
German tribes and | ||
|
Persians attack Rome | |||
|
Civil war | |||
|
200 |
Loss of Dacia Diocletian | ||
|
300 |
312 Constantine the | ||
|
Great: reformer and Christian | |||
|
395 Death of | |||
|
Theodosius I: Roman Empire split in Eastern and Western part | |||
|
400 |
330 Foundation of | ||
|
Constantinople | |||
|
476 Fall of the Western |
Ca. 440 Invasion of the | ||
|
Empire |
Visigoths | ||
|
500 |
German successor | ||
|
States in Gaul, Spain, and North-Africa |
Slavic invasions | ||
|
600 |
Ca. 640 Conquest of | ||
|
Egypt by the Arabs |
1
Near East
Central-Asia and India
China
64 Remains of Seleucid Empire incorporated by Rome; Euphrates border between Romans and Parthians; Greek states in Afghanistan and India cease to exist
100
200
226 Parthians displaced by the New-Persian dynasty of the Sassanids
“Eastern Han,” capital Luoyang;
Expansion toward the west and into Korea
220 End of the Han dynasty;
Three Kingdoms Period
300
Ca. 250 Creation of the Gupta empire in the Ganges basin Invasions by the Heftalites in northwestern India
Political fragmentation; Nomad invasions in the north
400
500
600
End of the Gupta Empire
Ca. 640/50 The Sassanid Empire overrun by Arabs
581China reunited under the Sui dynasty 618 The Tang dynasty
World History
