The ethos of the Republican aristocracy is a vast and complex topic, aspects of which impinge upon the subject matter of several of the contributions to this volume, to which the reader is directed for detailed bibliography and suggestions for further reading. There is currently no good synthetic work in English on the topic. Earl 1961 and 1967 are now very much out of date; for a descriptive catalogue of virtues see Lind 1979 and 1986 and, in French, Hellegouarc’h 1963. On the prominence ofwar in the aristocratic value system Harris 1979 is fundamental. On cavalry service, wounds, and scars, see Oakley 1985, Leigh 1995, and now McCall 2002. For aristocratic funerals, Flower 1996 is basic. On virtus see McDonnell 1990, unfortunately not easily available (but see now McDonnell 2006). Work on the moral economy of Rome has mainly been in German, e. g., Holkeskamp 1987, Flaig 2003, but see now Morstein-Marx 2004. Shatzman 1975 surveys the evidence for the wealth of senators and their attitudes toward it; Gruen 1992 covers the confrontation of Roman aristocratic values and Greek culture; and on Roman ‘‘decadence’’ see Edwards 1993. On Cato the Censor and Scipio Aemilianus: Astin 1967, 1978. For electoral corruption, see Lintott 1990 and Yakobson 1999. On the nobility, Gelzer 1969 (translating a work that first appeared in 1912) is essential, although Brunt 1982 challenges his definition of nobilitas. See also Holkeskamp 1993. On nobility and the consulship, see Hopkins and Burton 1983 and Badian 1990a. For ‘‘structural differentiation’’ see Hopkins 1978. Viri Militares: Smith 1958. On oratory, see now Morstein-Marx 2004. For libertas, see Wirszubski 1968, and on the aristocracy’s response to its loss of freedom under the emperors, see especially Barton 1993. On the limitation of aristocratic competition, see Rosenstein 1990, 1993.
World History
