Catalogue nos. 16—37 that follow are believed to have been specifically made for burial, therefore are separated from items of adornment that were surely worn in life (nos. 108—63, Jewelry). Numbers 38-43 were no doubt used in everyday life and death, but are included in this section to emphasize their model character.
Two heart scarabs and a heart amulet (16—8); see pp. iqdf, 33of Provenance
The names of Manhata and Maruta on two of the scarabs are believed to occur on pottery found at the site (Chap. 8). Standard early provenance.
Previous assessment
Winlock beheved that 16 and 18 had been reinscribed, and stated that the wire necklets were not attached to the scarabs when purchased (1948: 41, pi. 22).
Current understanding
The name on heart scarab i8 is certainly secondary, and, according to Dorman, all three amulets use the masculine gender in the text. However, the names on i6 and 17 appear original. The inscriptions of scarabs 17—8 are obscured by their bezels, but this occurs even on excavated scarabs. While the inscription on Hatnufer’s similarly mounted scarab, for instance, is perfectly revealed, parts of inscriptions on other excavated heart scarabs are obscured (Neferkhawet, first line [Haslauer 2001b: no. 89]; Boki, beginning of lines 4 and 5; Ruyu, corners and sides, according to W. Hayes’ MMA field records). Dorman stated that irregular texts occur there (cf 17), and that the three below all have Chapter 30B from the Book of the Dead.
All amulets are of green stone, equipped with bezels and necklets. Scarab 18 is similar in overall appearance to Hatnufer’s heart scarab (Lansing and Hayes 1937: fig. 34). Similar types and features occur elsewhere in contemporary Theban burials:
Heart amulet (Ruyu, in Hayes 1935: fig. 8 [right]);
Yoke-shaped mounts (Neferkhawet and Boki in Hayes 1935: fig. 8 [left and center]; Hatnufer, in Lansing and Hayes 1937: fig. 34, MMA 36.3.2; unnamed, in Lansing 1917: fig. 21); wire necklets (Boki, in Hayes 1935: fig. 8 [center]; Tutankhamun, Carter 2564); duck head terminals (Ahhotep group, in Vernier 1925: CG 52670).
For Nubian examples, see Save-Soderberg and Troy 1991: 144-6.
16 Heart scarab of Manuwai
Figs. 103 (left), 105, 263c
MMA 26.8.91 (P 112).
Source Purchase, Fletcher Fund, 1920.
Materials Gold; probably the sedimentary rock graywacke (Wheeler).
Dimensions H of scarab’s bezel 6.35, W of necklet 19.5,
Th of necklet wire 0.2.
Manufacture Scarab flat, smoothed but not highly polished. Humeral callosity (tick) on elytra (wings). Top line of inscription with name original, although not necessarily by same hand as text; compare aleph and seated woman signs. However, bottom line has equally small and little-detailed signs. Fits tightly into gold housing.
Setting is a flat strip of gold foil; seam not detected; yoke of thinner gold, neatly cut and scored. Wire necklet twisted tightly, ending in duck heads; red surface.
Inscription Book of the Dead Chapter 30B.
Bibliography Winlock 1948: pi. 22 (left).
17 Heart amulet of Manhata
Figs. 103 (right), 106, 264c
MMA 26.8.144 (P 57).
Source Purchase, Fletcher Fund, 1919.
Materials Gold; greenschist (a metamorphic rock with concentrations of clinozoisite, quartz, and albite: Wheeler/Frantz).
Dimensions H of heart’s bezel 5.5, W of necklet 19.0,
Th of necklet wire 0.2.
Manufacture Rather than a scarab, the pendant is a simplified heart-shaped amulet, slightly domed and smoothed and without markings on the surface. Inscription on reverse appears to author to be by one hand; Dorman thought name was applied later than text.
The bezel is a substantial L-shaped ring in which the scarab rests; thick side rings are fastened to the outer surface, and a flange is attached along the inner edge of the top surface. The yoke is scored, and does not appear to
Join the ring; two ends of it protrude from the bezel on the base. All gold parts fit tightly around the heart, the lower part obscuring the edges of the inscription. PGE inclusions noted by Cleveland and Grossbard.
Necklet wire ends in duck heads; eyes, bill’s serrated edges, and nostrils indicated.
Inscription Part of Chapter 30B only, with sections in retrograde (Dorman).
Condition Chip from surface at beginning of text.
Bibliography Winlock 1948: pi. 22 (right).
18 Heart scarab of Maruta
Figs. 103 (center), 107, 265c
MMA 26.8.145 (P III).
Source Purchase, Fletcher Fund, 1920.
Materials Gold; greenschist, as 17.
Dimensions H of scarab’s bezel 7.4, W of necklet 22.5,
Th of necklet wire 0.2.
Manufacture Scarab domed and finely worked, its elytra and pronotum (area in front of it) are polished; drill holes on sides between legs not removed with polishing. Inscription of uniform character except for top line, which is on a lower plane and more tentatively inscribed; scarab clearly made for an earlier owner.
Gold bezel appears to be one piece, bent under on the bottom and extended upward on top to form a flange that is pushed down around scarab. The lower edge slightly obscures the inscription. Bezel has top as well as side suspension rings. Top ring more neatly formed than those on side; its purpose not clear, unless suspension was originally from that ring, later changed to side rings. Note heart amulet of Ruyu, also with three rings (Hayes 1935: fig. 8 [right]). T-shaped yoke a strip of gold foil (pushed down around scarab and asymmetrically placed), apparently fastened to inner surface of ring.
Wire necklet terminates in duck heads.
Inscription As 16.
Bibliography Winlock 1948: 41, pi. 22 (center); Hayes 1959b: 137, fig. 74; Brier 1980: fig. 16.
World History
