Gebel Adda A site north of faras in nubia (modern Sudan), horemhab (r. 1319-1307 b. c.e.) of the Eighteenth Dynasty built a temple there honoring the deities AMUN and THOTH. This shrine complex, part of the royal building programs in the territory, was graced with columned halls, a staircase, and three altar chambers for ceremonies.
Gebel Barkal This was a site in nubia (modern Sudan) near the fourth cataract of the Nile. A temple honoring the god AMUN was started at Gebel Barkal by pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty (1550-1307 b. c.e.) and refurbished by SETI I (r. 1306-1290 b. c.e.) of the Nineteenth Dynasty. Gebel Barkal was one of the southernmost frontiers of Egypt during the imperial period, but it was not maintained by the less powerful rulers of the later eras. TAHARQA (r. 690-664 B. C.E.) erected a temple at Gebel Barkal, which was designated as a “Holy Mountain.” Tradition states that a giant cobra emerged from a cave in the mountain to witness the religious rites conducted there.
Gebel Dokhan A site near dendereh, located in the WADI QENA, where porphyry was quarried. The site became popular in the Roman Period (after 30 b. c.e.), boasting several temples and shrines.
Gebelein (Pi-Hathor, Pathyris) This is the modern name for a site on the western shore of the Nile River, located south of erment. The city was originally called Pi-Hathor by the Egyptians, and then named Pathyris by the Greeks. Gebelein was a center for the goddess ha-THOR from ancient times. Temples were discovered there from the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (2040-1783 B. C.E.), all dedicated to this popular female deity The necropolis area of the city also contained tombs from the First Intermediate Period (2134-2040 b. c.e.). Fragments from the Gebelein temple include inscriptions from the reign of montuhotep ii (2061-2010 b. c.e.), commemorating the ruler’s victories. The inscriptions do not specify whether the defeated enemies were Egyptians or foreign, and they possibly refer to Montuhotep Il’s victory over the city of herakleopolis in 2040 b. c.e.
Gebel el-Ahmar A site called “the Red Mountain,” located south of modern Cairo, where quartzite was produced for monuments, the stone in this quarry was reddish in color and one of the most beautiful and durable materials available to the Egyptians over the centuries. TUTHMOSIS III (r. 1479-1425 b. c.e.) fashioned a shrine out of the highly prized stone at Heliopolis. Limestone was also mined in the region.
See also Egyptian natural resources.
Gebel el-Sidmant This is a site south of meidum, located near hierakonpolis. A large necropolis, the graves found there date to the old Kingdom (2575-2134 B. C.E.) and the First Intermediate Period (2134-2040 B. C.E.). Gebel el-Sidmant served the city of Hierakonpolis as a burial setting for the local nomarchs and the rulers of the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties.
World History
