Abernethy, Thomas Perkins (1890-1975), 370
Accursius, Franciscus (1182-1260), 164 Achery, Jean Luc D’ (1609-85), 194 Aconcio, Giacomo (1492-1566), 176 Acosta, Jose de (1539-1600), 179 Acton, Lord (1834-1902), 284, 286, 321 Adair, James (mid-eighteenth century), 198 Adam of Bremen (d. 1081/85), 109, 111 Adams, Brooks (1848-1927), 322 Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. (1835-1915), 289
Adams, George Burton (1851-1925), 289 Adams, Henry Brooks (1838-1918), 289, 311
Adams, Herbert Baxter (1850-1901),
287, 311
Adams, James Truslow (1878-1949), 369 Adams, John (1735-1826), 225, 226, 227 Ado of Vienne (ca. 800-875), 104 Adolphus, John (1768-1845), 249 Adorno, Theodor W. (1903-69), 354,
383
Aelius Aristeides (128-89), 58 Africanus, Sextus Julius (ca. 180-ca. 250), 59, 74, 81, 82, 91, 92, 131,
177
Albert of Aachen (fl. early twelfth century), 133
Alciato, Andrea (1492-1550), 165 Alcimus (younger contemporary of Plato), 42
Alcuin (eighth century), 99 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’ (1717-83), 208
Alexander the Great (356-323 b. c.), 2630, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 72, 89, 117, 136, 235, 278
Alexander Polyhistor (ca. 105-ca. 35 B. C.), 35
Alfred the Great (d. 899), 99, 105 Alison, Sir Archibald (1792-1867), 250 Amatus of Monte Cassino (d. 1101), 116, 117
Ambroise (fl. late twelfth century), 136 Ammianus, Marcellinus (fl. late fourth century), 74, 174
Ammirato, Scipione (1531-1601), 187 Andrews, Charles McLean (1863-1943), 312, 362
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 105, 114 Ankersmit, F. R., 335, 337 Annales Maximi, 43, 53, 101 Annals: of Bury St. Edmunds, 145; of Cologne (Great), 151; of Hersfeld (eleventh century), 121, 123; of Hildesheim (eleventh century), 121; of Quedlinberg (984-1025), 121 Annio da Viterbo, Giovanni (ca. 14321502), 161, 177
Anselm of Havelberg (mid-twelfth century), 139, 141
Antiochus of Syracuse (fifth century B. C.), 31, 36
Apollodorus of Athens (second century B. C.), 57, 59
Appianus of Alexandria (second century A. D.), 70
Aquinas, Thomas (1225-74), 291 Aratus of Sicyon (ca. 271-213 B. c.), 49
Aries, Philippe (1914-1984), 375 Aristobulus of Cassandrea (contemporary of Alexander the Great), 29 Aristotle (384-322 b. c.), 28, 32, 36, 43, 80, 126, 139, 186, 192, 291 Arnold, Gottfried (1666-1714), 180 Arnold, Richard (publ. 1502), 165 Arnold, Thomas (1795-1842), 249 Arrian(us), Flavius (second century A. D.), 72
Arthur (mythical Celtic king), 106, 112, 165
Asellio, Sempronius (ca. 100 B. c.), 53 Ashley, William J. (1860-1927), 300 Asser, Bishop (late ninth century), 99,
105
Atanagi, Dionigi (ca. 1504-73), 189, 190 Attidographers, 24
Aufidius, Bassus (d. after a. d. 60), 68 Augustine, Saint (Augustinus Aurelius; 354-430), 84-86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 103, 104, 143, 185 Augustus (Roman emperor; 31 b. c.-a. d.
14), 117, 119, 188 Aulard, Alphonse (1849-1928), 358 Aurelius Victor, Sextus (fl. second half of fourth century a. d.), 73 Aventinus, Johann (1477-1534), 163 Aydelotte, William O, (b. 1910), 341 Ayer, Alfred J. (1910-1989), 328
Bacon, Francis (1561-1626), 176, 19192
Bailyn, Bernard (b. 1922), 389 Baker, Sir Richard (1568-1645), 199 Bale, John (1495-1563), 167, 174 Baluze, Etienne (1630-1718), 195 Bancroft, George (1800-1891), 255, 256-57, 258, 259, 260, 262, 309,
317, 319, 369, 386, 388 Barante, Prosper de (1782-1866), 239 Barnes, Harry Elmer (1889-1968), 331 Barnes, Robert (ca. 1495-1540), 156,
167
Baronius, Caesar (1538-1607), 167-68, 169
Barraclough, Geoffrey (1908-1984), 378 Barth, Karl (1886-1968), 402-3 Barthold of Constance (b. ca. 1030), 123 Bartolo of Sassoferato (1314-57), 164 Basin, Thomas (1412-91), 149-50 Baudouin, Francois (1520-73), 172, 173
Bayle, Pierre (1647-1706), 191, 192 Beale, Howard Kenneth (1899-1959),
367
Beard, Charles (1874-1948), 301, 302, 317, 318, 331, 332, 333, 357, 358, 363-64, 365, 366, 368, 369, 388,
389, 390
Beard, Mary Ritter (1876-1958), 357,
388
Becker, Carl L. (1873-1945), 317, 331, 332, 333, 363
Becket, Thomas a (1118-70), 240 Bede (672/73-735), 82, 90, 92, 96, 99, 114, 131, 132, 178
Beer, George Louis (1872-1920), 312 Below, Georg von (1858-1927), 280 Bembo, Pietro (1450-1547), 157 Bemis, Samuel Flagg (1891-1973), 362 Benedict of Peterborough (abbot; 117793), 120
Berkhof, Henriker (b. 1914), 402 Berlin, Ira (b. 1941), 392 Bemheim, Ernst (1850-1922), 281 Bemold of St. Blasien (ca. 1050-after 1100), 123
Bernstein, Eduard (1850-1932), 298, 352 Berossus (fi. ca. 280 b. c.), 34-35, 161 Berr, Henri (1863-1954), 277, 278, 313, 321, 370
Beverley, Robert (1675-1716), 197 Biglia, Andrea (1395-1435), 155 Billington, Ray Allen (1903-1981), 370 Biondo, Flavio (1392-1463), 156, 161, 163, 171, 174
Bismarck, Otto von (1815-98), 236, 237, 256, 262, 299, 304 Blanc, Louis (1811-82), 246 Blassingame, John W. (b. 1940), 393 Bloch, Marc (1886-1944), 339, 370, 371-72
Blundeville, Thomas (fl. 1561), 176 Bodin, Jean (1530-96), 180, 181, 182, 183, 186
Bodmer, Johann J. (1698-1783), 221 Boekh, August (1785-1867), 249, 256, 264
Bbhm Bawerk, Eugen (1851-1914), 297 Bolland, John (d. 1665), 194 Bollandists, 194
Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1870-1953),
370
Book of the Popes, 100
Boorstin, Daniel (b. 1914), 388 Bossuet, Jacques Benigne (1627-1704), 185, 320, 401
Bouquet, Dom Martin (1685-1754), 201 Bracciolini, Poggio( 1380-1459), 155, 159 Bradford, William (1590-1657), 196 Brandeis, Louis (1856-1941), 316 Braudel, Fernand (1902-1985), 374, 375 Breysig, Kurt (1866-1940), 280, 397 Brial, Dom (1733-1828), 201 Bridenbaugh, Carl (1903-1992), 388 Brown, Norman O. (b. 1913), 346 Brown, Robert E. (b. 1907), 389 Bruce, Philip A. (1856-1933), 369 Bruni, Leonardo (ca. 1370-1444), 154, 155, 160, 217, 226 Brunner, Otto (b. 1898), 382 Bruno (Saxon priest; eleventh century), 109
Brutus (mythical figure; also Britto,
Brut), 106, 112
Buckle, Henry T. (1821-62), 269, 274, 275, 278, 279, 285, 289, 338, 364 Bude, Guillaume (1467/68-1540), 164 Bullitt, William C. (1891-1967), 345 Burckhardt, Jacob (1818-97), 304, 305, 322, 364, 397
Burgess, John W. (1844-1931), 311 Burghley, Lord William Cecil (1520-98), 175
Burke, Edmund (1729-97), 225, 248,
250
Burnet, Gilbert (1643-1715), 180 Bury, John Bagnell (1861-1927), 275, 285, 286
Butterfield, Herbert (1901-79), 250, 334, 396, 403
Byrd, William, II (1674-1744), 197
Caesar, Gaius Julius (100-44 b. c.), 52, 57, 117, 151, 178, 237, 285, 286, 334, 399
Caffaro of Genova (d. 1166), 155 Calco, Tristano (before 1455-1515), 155 Callender, John (1706-48), 198 Callisthencs of Olynth (360-328 B. c.),
26, 36
Camden, William (1551-1623), 175,
176, 181, 193
Cantimori, Delio (1904-66), 379 Capet, Hugh (king, 987-96), 112, 113, 117
Capitolinus, Julius (an author of Historia Augusta), 75
Caracciolo, Tristano (1437/39-1519/28), 157
Carion, Johann (1499-1537), 166 Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881), 1, 25355, 256, 303, 304, 309 Caron, Louis le (also Charondas; 15361617), 173 Carr, David, 335
Carr, Edward Hallett (1892-1982), 378 Casaubon, Isaac (1559-1614), 168 Cassiodorus, Flavius Marcus Aurelius (ca. 487-ca. 583), 82, 89, 90, 96,
125
Castor of Rhodes (first century b. c.), 59, 81, 82
Catiline, L. Sergius (108-62 b. c.), 55 Cato, Marcus Porcius, the Elder (234149 B. C.), 46, 50-51, 53, 56, 66, 75 Caxton, William (1422-91), 148 Cellarius, Christopher (1638-1707), 181 Celsus (fl. ca. 180), 77 Celtis, Conrad (1459-1508), 162, 163 Chabod, Federico (1901-60), 379 Chaereas (contemporary of Hannibal), 49 Chalmers, George (1836-78), 225 Chares of Mytilene (394-324 b. c.), 28 Charlemagne (768-814), 97, 99, 100, 104, 106, 108, 112, 117, 151, 185 Chartier, Jean (1385/90-1464), 146 Chartier, Roger (b. 1945), 376 Chastellain, Georges (1405-75), 150 Chateaubriand, Francois Rene de (17681848), 239, 242, 244-45, 252 Chaunu, Huguette, 375 Chaunu, Pierre (b. 1923), 338, 359, 376 Cheny, Jean (d. 1627), 201 Chronicles: of Bury St. Edwards, 145; of London, 151; of Nestor, 111; of Novgorod, 110-11
Cicero, M. Tullius (106-43 b. c.), 45, 53, 57-58, 72, 76, 85, 157, 161, 162,
187
Cieza de Leon, Pedro (ca. 1519-60), 179 Cincius, Alimentus, L. (wrote in 216-210/209 B. C.), 44-45 Clapham, John H. (1873-1946), 357 Clark, George Kitson (1900-1975), 377 Clark, John B. (1847-1938), 301 Claudius (Roman emperor; a. d. 41-54), 66
Cleitarchus (fl. 280 b. c.), 29 Clement of Alexandria (ca. 150-211/216), 80
Cobban, Alfred (1901-68), 359 Coccio, Marcantonio. See Sabellico Cochran, Thomas C. (b, 1902), 357 Coelius Antipater, Lucius (180/70-after 117 B. C.), 53, 54, 63 Colden, Cadwallader (1688-1776), 198 Cole, Arthur H. (b. 1889), 357 Collegio Romano, 188 Collingwood, Robin (1889-1943), 33334
Commons, John Rogers (1862-1945), 357 Commynes, Philippe de (ca. 1445-1511), 163
Compagni, Dino (1260-1324), 151 Comte, Auguste (1798-1857), 269, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 285, 289, 290, 320, 321, 342
Condillac, Etienne B. de (1715-80), 208 Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, marquis de (1743-94), 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 224, 230, 272, 405
Conrad, Alfred H., 360 Conring, Hermann (1606-81), 202 Conze, Werner (b. 1910), 382 Cooper, Thomas (1759-1840), 173 Corio, Bernardino (1459-1513), 157 Corwin, Edward S. (1878-1963), 313 Cosmas Pragensis (ca. 1045-1125), 110 Cott, Nancy (b. 1945), 393 Cotton, Sir Robert (1571-1631), 176,
193
Cratippus (contemporary of Thucydides), 22
Craven, Avery O. (1886-1980), 366 Cremutius Cordus, Aulus (contemporary of Augustus and Tiberius), 65 Crespin, Jean (d. 1572), 169 Creuzer, Friedrich (1771-1858), 249 Crinito, Pietro (1465-1505), 164 Croce, Benedetto (1866-1952), 330, 333, 379
Croker, John (d. 1856), 250 Cujas, Jacques (1520-90), 172 Cunningham, William (1849-1919), 300 Curti, Merle (b. 1897), 365 Cuspinianus, Johannes (1443-1529), 162 Cyrus the Younger (d. 401 B. c.), 25
Dahlmann, Friedrich (1785-1860), 235, 237, 262
Dandolo, Andrea (1306-54), 155 Daniel, Gabriel (1649-1728), 186, 199 Darwin, Charles (1809-82), 269, 289, 290, 298, 307, 311, 321 Daumard, Adeline, 376 Davila, Enrico Caterino (1576-1631),
171, 187
Decembrio, Pier Candido (1399-1477), 155
Deeds of the Franks, 133 De Mause, Lloyd (b. 1931), 347 Derrida, Jacques (b. 1930), 336-37 Descartes, Rene (1596-1650), 191, 192 Dcschamps, Emile (1791-1871), 208 Dewey, John (1859-1952), 316 Dietrich of Bern (mythical figure), 122 Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833-1911), 281, 282, 305, 324, 329, 335, 343 Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio Cocceianus; ca. 155-ca. 235), 73
Dio of Prusa (ca. 50-after 112), 58 Diodorus Siculus (fl. first century B. c.), 29, 61, 81
Dionysius Exiguus (ca. 500-ca. 550), 92, 131, 132
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (fl. ca. 20 B. C.), 60, 61-63, 76, 209 Diyllus of Athens (357-297 B. c.), 33 Dodd, William E. (1869-1940), 369 Dodsley, James (1724-97), 225 Dopsch, Alfons (1868-1953), 357 Dorislaus, Isaac (1595-1649), 187 Douaren, Franqois (1509-59), 172 Douglass, William (1691-1752), 198 Draper, John William (1811-82), 289 Dray, William (b, 1921), 335 Droysen, Johann Gustav (1838-1908), 235, 236, 238, 278, 279, 280, 281 DuBois, W. E. Burghardt (1868-1963), 367-68
Dubois-Reymond, Emil (1818-96), 279 Dubos, Abbe Jean Baptiste (1670-1742), 214, 240
Duby, Georges (b, 1919), 359, 372 DuCange, Charles Du Fresne, Sieur de (1610-88), 195
Dudo of St.-Quentin (ca. 960-d. before 1043), 107-8
Dumoulin, Charles (1500—66), 172
Dunning, William A. (1857-1922), 312, 366, 369
Durand, Ursin (1682-1771), 201 Duris of Samos (ca. 340-ca. 260 B. c.), 33, 49
Durkheim, Emile (1858-1917), 277 Duruy, Victor (1811-94), 276
Eadmer (ca. 1060-ca. 1128), 114 Eagleton, Terry (b. 1943), 397 Eccleston, Thomas (wrote 1230-1258/59), 146
Edward the Confessor (king of England; 1042-66), 113
Eggleston, Edward (1837-1902), 316, 317, 364
Eichhom, Karl F. von (1781-1854), 230, 256
Einhard (ca. 770-840), 99. 124 Ekkehard of Aura (ca. 1125), 123-24, 134
Elkins, Stanley M. (b. 1925), 392 Elmham, Thomas (d. ca, 1428), 149 Elton, Geoffrey R. (b. 1921), 334, 377 Emilio, Paolo (d. 1529), 164, 172 Engels, Friedrich (1820-95), 293, 295, 298, 349, 352, 354 Engerman, Stanley L, (b. 1936), 360,
392
Ennius of Rudiae, Quintus (239-169 B. C.), 50, 53
Ephippus of Olynth (contemporary of Alexander the Great), 29 Ephorus of Cyme (fl. in mid-fourth century B. C.), 23, 31, 38, 48 Epiphanius (monk; fl. a. d. 540), 82 Eratosthenes of Cyrene (ca. 284-ca. 194 B. C.), 36, 42, 44, 73 Erikson, Erik H. (b. 1902), 346-47 Emesti, Johann August (1707-81), 220 Eumenes of Cardia (ca. 362-316 B. c.), 29
Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. 263-339), 35, 59, 74, 78, 81-82, 83, 84, 91, 92, 95, 103, 114, 124, 131, 177, 178, 181, 184, 320, 401
Eulropius (mid-fourth century), 73, 74, 104
Fabius, Pictor (fl. ca. 200 B. C.), 44-45, 49, 73
Fabyan, Robert (d. 1513), 165, 174 Fannius, Gnaeus (consul; 122 b. c.), 53 Fantosrae, Jordan (fl. twelfth century), 119 Fauchet, Claude de (1744-93), 173 Febvre, Lucien (1878-1956), 339, 343, 370-71
Fenelon, Francois de (1651-1715), 206 Festus, Rufius (fl. late fourth century), 73 Fichet, Guillaume (1433-80), 163 Ficker, Julius von (1826-1902), 307 Fischer, Fritz (b. 1908), 382 Fitz Thedmar, Arnold (1201-75), 151 Flacius Illyricus, Matthias (also Vlach; 1520-75), 167
Fleming, Walter Lynward (1874-1932), 369
Fleury, Michel (main works since 1950s), 340
Flodoard of Reims (893/94-966), 113 Florus, L. Annaeus (fl. early second century A. D.), 73
Fogel, Robert W. (b. 1926), 359, 360 Foglietta, Uberto (ca. 1518-81), 188 Foner, Eric (b. 1943), 392 Foresti da Bergamo, Jacopo Filippo (1434-1520), 159, 188 Foucault, Michel (1926-1984), 336, 337 Fox, Dixon Ryan (1887-1945), 368 Foxe, John (1516-87), 169 Frank, Andre Gunther (b. 1929), 401 Frank, Walter (1905-1945), 380 Franklin, John Hope (b. 1915), 392 Freculph (bishop of Lisieux; fl. ninth century), 104, 105
Fredegar(ius) (seventh century), 89, 96, 101, 108, 172, 239
Freeman, Edward Augustus (1823-92), 115, 136, 249, 255, 308, 309, 311 Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939), 343-47, 353
Froissart, Jean (ca. 1337-1404/10), 150, 163
Fromm, Erich (1900-1980), 354 Froude, James Anthony (1818-94), 309 Frutolf of Michelsberg (d, 1103), 123 Fukuyama, Francis (b. 1952), 396 Fulcher of Chartres (ca. 1059-ca. 1127/29), 133
Furet, Frangois (b, 1927), 376 Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis (183089), 276, 307
Gabriel, Ralph H. (b. 1890), 389 Gadamer, Hans-Georg (b. 1900), 386 Gaguin, Robert (1433-1501), 163-64,
172
Gaimar, Geoffrey (wrote mid-twelfth century), 119
Galbraith, John K. (b, 1908), 356 Gallicanus, Vulcacius (an author of His-toria Augusta), 75
Gallic, William B. (b. 1912), 334-35 Gallus, Anonymous (wrote 1112-13),
110
Gandersheim, Roswitha of (ca. 935-after 975), 162
Gardiner, Samuel Rawson (1829-1902), 284
Garvey, Marcus (1887-1940), 393 Gatterer, Johann Christoph (1727-99), 203, 219, 220, 233 Gay, Edwin F. (1867-1946), 357 Gay, Peter (b. 1923), 348 Geertz, Clifford (b. 1926), 384 Gehlen, A. (b. 1904), 396 Gellius, Aulus (ca. 130-70), 72, 188 Gellius, Gnaeus (second century b. c.), 54 Genovese, Eugene D. (b. 1930), 392 Geoffrey of Monmouth (ca. 1100-ca.
1152), 111-12, 115, 119, 136 Gerardo da Borgo San Donnino (d.
1276), 142
Gerbert of Reims (or of Aurillac; Pope Sylvester II, 999-1003), 113 Gcrhoch von Reichersberg (1092/93-1169), 142-43
Gervinus, Georg Gottfried (1805-71), 235, 236, 262 Gesta Berengarii, 116 Gibbon, Edward (1737-94), 200, 215, 216, 217, 224, 248 Gildas (d. ca. 570), 90, 94, 112, 175 Gillies, John (1747-1836), 249 Giovio, Paolo (1483-1553), 159 Gipson, Lawrence Henry (1880-1971), 362
Giustinian(i), Bernardo (1406-89), 155, 157
Glaber, Rudolf (d. ca. 1050), 130 Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, comte dc (1816-82), 321, 381, 397 Godwin, Francis (1562-1633), 201 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (17491832), 397
Gordon, William (1728-1807), 225 Goubert, Pierre (b. 1915), 375 Grafton, Richard (ca. 1513-d. 1572),
173
Gramsci, Antonio (1891-1937), 379 Grandes Chroniques de France, 118,
146, 163, 164
Gras, Norman S. B, (1884-1956), 357 Great Polish Chronicle, 110 Green, John R. (1837-83), 255, 271, 306, 309, 362
Gregory of Tours (538/39-594), 89, 9091, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 127 Grimm, Jakob (1785-1863), 308 Grote, George (1794-1871), 249-50 Guenee, Bernard (b. 1927), 376 Guibert of Nogent (1053-1124), 133 Guicciardini, Francesco (1483-1540), 157, 158
Guido of Pisa, 147
Guillaume de Nangis (fl. 1285-1300),
146
Guizot, Francois (1787-1874), 240, 242, 243, 244, 256, 262, 263, 264, 319 Gutierrez, Gustavo (b. 1928), 402 Guy of Amiens (fl. 1068), 113
Habermas, Jurgen (b. 1929), 353, 354, 397
Hadrian (Roman emperor; 117-138), 66 Hall, Edward (ca. 1498-1547), 173, 174 Hallam, Henry (1777-1859), 250, 25253
Handlin, Oscar (b. 1915), 369 Hardyng, John (1378-1465), 174 Hare, Julius Charles (1795-1855), 249 Hart, Albert Bushnell (1854-1943), 288, 311
Hartz, Louis (1919-1986), 388 Hearne, Thomas (1678-1735), 194 Hecataeus of Abdera (fl. ca. 300 b. c.),
35
Hecataeus of Miletus (ca. 540-ca. 476 B. C.), 9, 10, 14, 17, 20, 31 Hecren, Arnold von (1760-1842), 220, 256
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (17701831), 231, 232, 234, 270, 295, 319, 320, 349, 353
Heimo of Bamberg (d. 1139), 132 Helgald (monk of Fleury-sur-Loire; fl. early eleventh century), 118
Hellanicus of Lesbos (fifth century b. c.): 10, 20, 24, 41
Heimold of Bosau (ca. 1120-ca, 1172), 109, no
Helvetius, Claude Adrien (1715-71), 210 Hempel, Carl (b. 1905), 328, 334 Henry, Louis (main works since 1950s), 340
Henry IV (emperor; 1056-1106), 123, 125, 307; life of, 125 Henry of Huntingdon (ca. 1084-1155), 130-31, 174
Henry of Livonia (Henricus Lettus; thirteenth century), 110 Henskens, Godefroid (d. 1681), 194 Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744-1803), 200-201, 205, 222, 223, 233, 234, 241, 252, 282, 319, 342 Herlihy, David J. (1930-1991), 341 Hermann of Reichenau (1013-54), 122, 123
Herodotus (ca. 484-430/420 B. c.), 1011, 12-21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 33, 36, 37, 38, 75, 155, 183, 338 Herzfeld, Hans (b. 1892), 378, 382 Hesiod of Ascra (fl. ca. 800 B. c.), 8, 17 Heussi, Karl (1877-1961), 330 Heyne, Christian G. (1729-1812), 230 Heywood, Thomas (ca. 1570-d. 1641), 174
Hieronymus of Cardia (ca. 350-260 B. C.), 33
Higden, Ranulph (ca. 1280-ca.
1363/64), 148
Hildebrand, Bruno (1812-78), 292 Hildebrand, Klaus (b. 1941), 383, 384 Hildreth, Richard (1805-65), 256, 25758
Hilferding, Rudolf (1877-1941), 298 Hill, Christopher (b. 1912), 355 Hillgruber, Andreas (1925-1989), 383 Hincmar (archbishop of Reims; 806-82), 113
Hintze, Otto (1861-1940), 379 Hippias of Elis (fifth century b. c.), 10 Hippolytus of Rome (d. ca. 235), 79, 81 Historia Augusta, 75 History of the Franks of Sens, 117 History of the Welfs, 125 Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), 330, 345, 347, 380-81
Hobsbawm, Eric J. (b. 1917), 354
Hofstadter, Richard John (1916-70), 388 Holbach, Paul Heinrich D. (1723-89), 210
Holinshed, Raphael (d. ca. 1580), 174 Holland, Philemon (1552-1637), 174,
175
Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1841-1935),
316
Holst, Hermann E. von (1841-1904),
261
Homer (possibly ninth century b. c.), 58, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 28, 31, 33, 57, 70, 78, 400 Honorius Augustodunensis (twelfth century), 147
Hooker, Richard (1554-1600), 168 Horace (65-8 B. c.), 119 Horkheimer, Max (1895-1973), 353,
354, 383
Horn(ius), Georg (1620-70), 184 Hotman, Frangois (1524-90), 172, 187 Hubbard, William (1621-1704), 196, 197 Huggins, Nathan 1. (1927-1989), 393 Hugh of Fleury (twelfth century), 117 Hugh of St. Victor (d. 1141), 140-41,
143
Hughes, John (1677-1720), 199 Hugo, Gustav (1764-1844), 230 Huizinga, Johan (1872-1945), 305 Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767-1835), 233
Hume, David (1711-76), 200, 210, 215, 216, 240, 248, 285 Hutchinson, Thomas (1711-80), 198,
225, 227
Hyde, Edward (Lord Clarendon; 160974), 187
Hyperochus (Sicilian historian; date unknown), 42
Inama-Sternegg, Karl von (1843-1908), 357
Ion of Chios (ca. 490-422 b. c.), 25 Irenaeus of Lyons (second century a. d.), 79
Isidore of Seville (ca. 560-636), 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 104, 125, 156 Isocrates (436-338 b. c.), 23
James of Vitry (d. 1240), 147
Jameson, Fredric, 397
Jameson, J. Franklin (1859-1937), 287
Jaspers, Karl (1883-1969), 400 Jaures, Jean (1859-1914), 298, 358 Jean Juvdnal des Ursins (1388-1473), 149 Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826), 226,
227, 385
Jerome, Saint (ca. 347-420), 82, 84, 86, 91, 92, 95, 114, 124, 161, 177, 181 Joachim of Fiore (ca. 1130-d. 1202), 141-42
John of Biclaro (wrote chronicle 567-90), 91
John of Drasice, 110 John of Joinville (1224-1317), 118, 137 John of Salisbury (d. 1180), 144 Johnson, Edward (1598-1672), 196 Jordanes (ca. 500-555/60), 89, 94, 103 Josephus, Flavius (a. d. 37/38-ca. 100), 35, 69-70, 78, 81, 174 Julian (archbishop of Toledo; ca. 65190), 91
Justin Martyr (ca. 100-65), 78, 79, 80 Justinian (Roman emperor; 527-65), 164 Justin(us) Marcus (third century a. d.),
63, 103
Kadlubek, Vincent (bishop of Cracow;
Ca. 1160-1223), 110 Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804), 218, 233, 282, 372
Karamzin, Nicolai M. (1766-1826), 350 Kautsky, Karl (1854-1938), 298 Kehr, Eckart (1902-33), 379, 383 Kemble, John Mitchell (1807-57), 249, 308
Kennett, White (1660-1728), 199 Kerber, Linda (b. 1940), 393 Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946),
356, 375
Klyuchevsky, Vasily O. (1842-1911),
350
Knies, Karl (1821-98), 293
Kocka, Jurgen (b. 1941), 384
Kohler, Johann David (1684-1755), 220
Koselleck, Reinhart (b. 1923), 335, 384
Krieck, Ernst, 381
Kuczynski, Jurgen (b, 1904), 384
Labienus Rabienus, T. (contemporary of Augustus), 63, 65
Labrousse, C.-Ernest (main works since 1930s), 339, 358, 375
LaCapra, Dominick (b. 1939), 335, 337 Lacretelle, Jean-C. D. de (1766-1855), 245
Lactantius, L. Caecilius (ca. 260-ca. 340), 84, 85
La Feber, Walter (b. 1933), 390 Lamartine, Alphonse M. C. (17901869), 262
Lambarde, William (1536-1601), 175, 176
Lambert of Saint-Omer or St. Bertin (ca. 1020-1125), 178
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de (1709-51), 210
Lampert of Hersfeld (d. ca, 1088), 123 Lamprecht, Karl (1856-1915), 269, 279, 280, 290, 313, 342-43 Lampridius, Aelius (an author of Historia Augusta), 75
Lane, Frederic (1900-1984), 357 Langer, William (1896-1977), 344 Langlois, Charles-V. (1863-1929), 277, 370
Lanquet, Thomas (1521-95), 173 La Popelinifere, Henri Voisin, sieur de (1540-1608), 183
Las Casas, Bartolome de (1474-1566), 179
Lavisse, Ernest (1842-1922), 276 Laziardus, Johann Coelestinus (11. fifteenth century), 178 Le Bel, Jean (1280-1370), 150 Le Bras, Gabriel, 375 Lccky, William Edward (1838-1903), 275, 364
Lefebvre, Georges (1874-1959), 358 Le Goff, Jacques (b. 1924), 374, 375 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716), 204
Leland, John (1691-1766), 175 Lenin (1870-1924), 350, 351, 354 Lenz, Max (1850-1930), 281 Leo of Ostia (ca. 1046-1115), 116 Lemer, Gerda (b. 1920), 393 Le Roy, Louis (1510-77), 182, 183 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel (b. 1929), 341, 375-76
Lessing, Theodor (1872-1933), 327 Leto, Pomponius (1428-98), 164 Levi-Strauss, Claude (b. 1908), 336, 374 Levine, Laurence W., 393
Levy-Bruhl, Lucien (1857-1939), 375 Lewis, Richard W. B. (b, 1917), 386 Lipsius, Justus (1547-1606), 187 List, Friedrich (1789-1846), 292 Litt. Theodor (1880-1962), 384 Litwack, Leon F. (b, 1929), 392 Liutprand of Cremona (ca. 920-ca. 972), 116
Livio Frulovisi, Tito (ca. 1400-after 1465), 149
Livy, Titus (59 b. c.-a. d. 17), 50, 6365, 66, 67, 69, 73, 174, 187, 188 Locke, John (1632-1704), 388 Lodge, Thomas (ca. 1558-1625), 174 Loisel, Antoine (1536-1617), 173 London Chronicles, 165 Ldpez De Gomara, Francisco (1511-57), 178
Louis the Pious (d. 840), 99, 100, 102, 112, 116
Lowith, Karl (1897-1973), 402 Lucian of Samosata (ca. 120-ca. 180), 72-73, 76
Lukacs, Gyorgy (Georg) (1885-1971), 355
Lutatius, Catulus Q. (ca. 120-61/60 B. C.), 57
Luther, Martin (1483-1546), 166, 180, 220, 346-47
Luxemburg, Rosa (1870-1919), 298 Lycophron (fl. 280 b. c.), 44 Lyotard, Jean-Frangois (b. 1924), 337
Mabillon, Jean (1632-1707), 194 Macaulay, Thomas B. (1800-1859), 216, 250-52, 253, 262, 263, 286 Macer, C. Licinius (d. 66 b. c.), 54, 63 Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469-1527), 157, 158, 159, 187, 190
McLaughlin, Andrew C. (1861-1947), 312
McMaster, John Bach (1852-1932), 362 McNeill, William H. (b. 1917), 326,
396, 401
Macpherson, James (1736-96), 252 Macrobius (about a. d. 400), 124 Madox, Thomas (1666—ca. 1726), 194 Mahan, Alfred Thayer (1840-1914), 310 Maine, Sir Henry (1822-88), 309, 311 Maistre, Joseph de (1754-1821), 239, 242
Maitland, Frederick D. (1850-1906), 309 Malaterra, Gaufred (fl. eleventh century), 116, 117
Malispini, Ricordano (thirteenth century), 151
Man, Hendrik de, 396 Mandelbaum, Maurice H. (1908-1987), 333, 408
Mandrou, Robert (b. 1921), 375 Manetho of Sebennythus (fl. ca. 300 B. C.), 35, 161
Mannheim, Karl (1893-1947), 329 Marcks, Erich (1861-1938), 281 Marcuse, Herbert (1898-1979), 354 Mariana, Juan de (1536-1624), 178 Marianus Scotus (fl. eleventh century), 132, 178
Marshall, John (1755-1835), 226 Martene, Edmond (early eighteenth century), 201
Martin, Henri (1810-83), 240 Martinus Polonus (Martin of Troppau; d. ca. 1278), 147
Marx, Karl (1818-83), 240, 264, 270, 293-98, 300, 301, 319, 320, 321, 349-55, 358, 361, 368, 390, 392 Mascardi, Agostino (1590-1640), 188 Mascov, Johann, 203, 221 Mather, Cotton (1663-1728), 196, 197 Megasthenes (ca. 350-290 b. c.), 34 Meinecke, Friedrich (1862-1954), 280, 329, 330, 378, 380
Melanchthon, Philip (1497-1560), 166, 167
Melito of Sardis (d. before a. d. 190), 81 Menger, Carl (1840-1921), 299 Merimee, Prosper (1803-70), 239 Merula, Giorgio (1430-97), 155 Meuvret, Jean, 375 Meyer, John R. (b. 1927), 360 Mezeray, Frangois Eudes de (1610-83), 186, 199
Michaelis, Johann David (1717-91), 220 Michaud, Joseph Frangois (1767-1839), 239
Michelet, Jules (1798-1874), 240, 241, 242, 243, 252, 262, 303, 306, 319 Mignet, Frangois Auguste (1796-1884), 242, 262
Miller, Perry (1905-63), 369, 386 Milton, John (1608-74), 221
Mink, L. O, (d. 1983), 335 Mitford, William (1744-1827), 249 Moltmann, Jurgen (b. 1926), 402 Mommsen, Theodor (1817-1903), 237, 264
Monod, Gabriel (1844-1912), 263 Monstrelet, Enguerrand de (d. 1453), 150 Montesquieu, Charles Louis, sieur de (1689-1755), 207, 208, 209, 214,
217, 219, 226
Montfaucon, Bernard de (1655-1741), 194
More, Thomas (1478-1535), 165-66 Morgan, Edmund S. (b. 1916), 388 Morison, Samuel Eliot (1887-1976), 369 Morse, Jedidiah (1761-1826), 226 Moser, Justus (1720-94), 222 Mosheim, J, L. von (1693-1755), 180 Motley, John Lothrop (1814-77), 256, 258, 259, 260
Mousnier, Roland (b. 1907), 372 Muller, Alexander von (wrote in 1930s), 380, 381
Muller, Karl Otfried (1797-1840), 230, 249
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio (16721750), 201
Murdock, Kenneth B. (1895-1975), 369 Mussolini, Benito (1883-1945), 379 Myrdal, Gunnar (1898-1987), 392
Naevius, Gnaeus (ca. 270-201 b. c.), 44 Namier, Sir Lewis B. (1888-1960), 340, 348
Napoleon I (1769-1821), 229, 232, 234, 236, 238, 245, 248, 334, 358 Nardi, Jacopo (1476-after 1563), 187 Naucler(us), Johannes (d. 1510), 163 Nearchus of Crete (ca. 360-ca. 312 B. C.), 28
Nef, John U. (1899-1988), 357 Nennius (ca. 830), 106, 112 Nepos, Cornelius (ca. 100-ca. 24 b. c.), 56, 71
De’ Nerli, Filippo (1485-1556), 158 Newton, Isaac (1642-1727), 269, 372 Nicholas of Damascus (fl. first century B. C.), 61
Nicholls, Thomas (fl. 1550), 174 Niebuhr, Barthold (1776-1831), 229,
230, 237, 249, 264
Niebuhr, Reinhold (1892-1971), 386 Niebuhr, Richard (1892-1971), 403 Niethammer, Lutz (b. 1939), 384, 397 Nietzsche, Friedrich W. (1844-1900), 304, 305, 322, 397 Nipjjerdey, Thomas (b. 1927), 383 Nithard (d. 844), 102-3 Nixon, Richard M. (1913-1994), 345 Nobilior, M. Fulvius (consul, 189 b. c.), 53
Nolle, Ernst (b. 1923), 384 North, Thomas (ca. 1535-ca. 1601), 174 Notker, Balbulus of St. Gall (ca. 840912), 100, 104
Nowell, Laurence (d. 1576), 175, 176 Nymphis of Heracleia Pontica (third century B. C.), 33
Oakeshott, Michael (d. 1901), 334 Odo of Deuil (fl. mid-twelfth century), 135
Oldmixon, John (1673-1742), 197 Oliver, Peter (1731-91), 224 Oliver Scholasticus (bishop of Paderbom, 1224-25), 137
Olivier de la Marche (ca. 1426-1502), 150
Oman, Charles (1860-1946), 286 Omodeo, Adolfo (1889-1946), 379 Onesicritus of Astypalaea (contemporary of Alexander the Great), 28 Orderic Vitalis (ca. 1075-ca. 1141/43), 114-15, 130
Origen (ca. 185/86-254/55), 80, 84, 85 Origin of the Lombard People, 106 Orosius, Paulus (fl. 414-17 a. d.), 63,
86, 88, 91,94, 95, 103, 105, 114, 152
Ortega y Gasset, Jose (1883-1955), 305 Ortelius, Abraham (1527-98), 175 Osgood, Herbert L. (1855-1918), 312 Otto of Freising (1111/15-1158), 125, 143-44
Otto I (emperor; 936-73), 108, 121 Ovid (43-ca. 18 B. c.), 119 Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de (1478-1577), 178, 179 Owsley, Frank L. (1890-1956), 365,
366, 369
Ozouf, Jacques, 376
Palgrave, Sir Francis (1788-1861), 308 Pallavicino, Sforza (1607-67), 170 Panvinio, Onofrio (1529-68), 167, 174 Papenbroek, Daniel (d. 1714), 194 Pareto, Vilfredo (1848-1923), 397 Paris, Matthew (d. 1259), 145-46, 147, 149
Parker, Matthew (archbishop of Canterbury; 1504-75), 168, 169, 174, 176, 308
Parkman, Francis (1823-93), 255, 25859, 260, 310
Farrington, Vernon L. (1871-1929), 364, 369
Paruta, Paolo (1540-98), 157 Pasquier, Etienne (1529-1615), 172-73, 183
Patrizi, Francesco (1529-97), 187, 188, 189, 190
Paulus Diaconus (also Wanefridus; ca.
720/30-799), 74, 100, 104, 105-6 Pennington, James W. C. (b. 1941), 367 Petavius, Dionysius (wrote in 1627), 178 Peter of Tours, 146 Peter Martyr of Anghierra (ca. 14551526), 178-79 Petrarch (1304-74), 181 Peucer, Casper (1525-1602), 166, 167 Peutinger, Konrad (1465-1547), 163 Peyrere, Isaac de la (1594-1676), 184 Philinus of Acragas or Agrigentum (second half of third century), 45, 49 Philip II (king of Macedonia, 359-336 B. C.), 21. 89, 249, 259 Philistus of Syracuse (ca. 430-356 b. c.), 37
Phillips, Ulrich B. (1877-1934), 312, 367, 369
Philostratus the Elder, Flavius (11. first half of third century A. D.), 58 Phylarchus (fl. third century b. c.), 33,
34, 49
Piccolomini, Eneas Silvio (Pope Pius II, 1458-64), 162
Pictet, Adolphe (1799-1875), 381 Pippin III (mayor of the palace, 741-51;
King. 751-68), 102 Pirenne, Henri (1862-1935), 357 Pisan, Christine de (1364-ca. 1429), 149 Piso, Frugi Lucius Calpumius (consul, 133 B. C.), 63
Pithou, Pierre (1539-96), 173, 181 Pitti, Jacopo (1519-89), 187 Platina, Bartolomeo Sacchi (1421-81), 156, 167
Plato (ca. 427-348/47 b. c.), 8, 46, 77, 80, 338
Plekhanov, Georgi (1857-1918), 298, 350 Pliny the Elder (a. d. 23-79), 68 Plumb, John H. (b. 1911), 378 Plutarch (ca. a. d. 46/50-after 120), 71, 98, 174
Pokrovsky, Mikhael N. (1868-1932), 350-52
Poliziano, Angelo (1454-94), 164 Pollio, Asinius (76 b. c.-a. d. 4), 61 Pollio, Trebellius (an author of Historia Augusta), 75
Pollock, Friedrich (1845-1937), 309, 353 Pollock, John A., 336 Polybius (ca. 200-118 b. c.), 33, 34, 37, 45-50, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62, 63,
64, 65, 67, 75, 159, 226 Pontano, Giovanni (ca. 1429-1503), 156 Popper, Karl (b. 1902), 328 Poseidonius of Apameia (135-ca. 51 B. C.), 54, 59, 76
Postan, Michael M. (1899-1981), 357 Postel, Guillaume (1510-81), 172 Potter, David (1910-71), 388 Pound, Roscoe (1870-1964), 316 Prescott, William (1796-1859), 255-56, 258, 259, 260
Prince, Thomas (1687-1758), 197-98 Priuli, Girolamo (1476-1547), 157 Prosper of Aquitaine, Tiro (fifth century), 82
Ptolemaeus, Claudius (fl. second century
A. D.), 73
Ptolemy 1 (323-283 b. c.), 29 Pufendorf, Samuel (1632-94), 202 Pyrrho of Elis (ca. 360-ca. 270 b. c.),
191
Pythagoras (sixth century B. c.), 338
Quadrigarius, Q. Claudius (wrote 80-70
B. C.), 54, 63
Quarles, Benjamin (b. 1904), 392 Quinet, Edgar (1803-75), 246, 262
Raimond d’Aguilers (wrote 1008-99),
133
Rainald of Dassel (archbishop of Cologne; ca. 1120-67), 125 Raleigh, Sir Walter (ca. 1552-1618), 184-85, 186-87 Ralph of Diccto (d. 1202), 120 Ramsay, David (1749-1815), 225, 226 Ramsdell, Charles (1877-1942), 366 Randall, James Garfield (1881-1953),
366
Ranke, Leopold von (1795-1886), 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 255, 256, 262, 263, 264, 269, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 287, 289, 303, 308, 319, 330, 334, 350
Ratio studiorum (1559), 188 Ratzel, Friedrich (1844-1904), 313 Reddick, Lawrence (b. 1910), 368 Regino (abbot of Priim; ca. 840-915), 104, 105
Reineccius, Reiner (main work publ. 1685), 181
Renan, Ernest (1823-92), 320 Rhenanus, Beatus (1485-1547), 163, 172 Rhodes, James F. (1848-1927), 261, 366 Richard I (king of England, 1189-99), 119, 136
Richard of Cluny, 146 Richard of Devizes (fl. late twelfth/early thirteenth century), 119, 136 Richer of Reims (991-98), 107, 113 Ricocur, Paul (b. 1913), 335 Rigord(fi. 1187-1207), 118, 136, 146 Ritter, Gerhard (1888-1967), 382 Robert of Clari (wrote on Fourth Crusade), 136-37
Robert, Claude (d. 1637), 201 Robertson, William (1721-93), 200, 216, 224, 248
Robinson, James Harvey (1863-1936), 316, 317, 331, 363-64 Robortello, Francesco (1516-67), 188 Roger of Howden (d. ca. 1202), 120, 174 Roger of Wendover (d. 1236), 137, 145 Rogers, J. E. Thorold (1823-90), 300 Rolevinck, Werner (publ. 1474), 178 Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919), 288, 310, 362, 385
Roscher, Wilhelm (1817-94), 293 Rosenberg, Hans (1904-1988), 382 Rossiter, Clinton (1917-70), 388 Rostow, Walter W. (b, 1916), 361, 400
Rosweyde, Herbert (d. 1629), 194 Roswitha of Gandersheim (fl. 960-73), 162
Rothacker, Erich (1888-1965), 327, 384 Rothfels, Hans (1891-1976), 382 Rottcck, Karl von (d, 1840), 235 Roupnel, Gaston (1871-1946), 374 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-78), 201, 202, 209, 252 Royal Frankish Annals, 101 Rucellai, Bernardo (1448-1514), 157 Rufinus of Aquileia (345-410/11), 82 Rufus, Cluvius (fl. first century), 68 Rupert von Deutz (1075/80-1127/30), 140
Riisen, J6m (b. 1938), 384 Rutilius, P. Rufus (ca. 154-ca. 74 B. C.), 57
Sabellico, Marcantonio (Coccio; 14361506), 155, 159
Said, Edward W. (b. 1935), 397 Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de (17601825), 272
Salimbene, Fra (ca. 1221-ca. 1290), 147 Sallust, C. Crispus (ca. 86-ca. 35/34 B. C.), 54-56, 65, 67, 69, 103, 174 Salvian of Marseille (fl. fifth century), 88 Sanudo, Marino (1466-1533), 157 Sardi, Alessandro (1520-88), 188 Sarpi, Pier Paolo (1562-1623), 169-70 Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857-1913),
336, 372
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von (1779-1861), 230, 309
Savile, Henry (1549-1622), 174 Saxo Grammaticus (ca. 1150-ca. 1203), III
Say, Jean-Baptiste (1826-96), 292 Scaevola, Publius Mucius (d. before 115 B. C.), 53
Scala, Bartolomeo (1424/30-1497), 155 Scaliger, Joseph Justus (1540-1609),
177, 197
Schedel, Hartmann (1440-1514), 151,
159
Schieder, Theodor (b. 1908), 382 Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (b. 1917), 341, 385
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Sr. (1888-1965), 368
Schlosser, Friedrich C. (1776-1861), 235 Schldzer, August Ludwig von (17351809), 203, 221, 319, 320 Schmoller, Gustav (1838-1917), 280, 299, 379
Schop>enhauer, Arthur (1788-1860), 397 Schouler, James (1839-1920), 261, 362 Scipio Aemilianus, Publius Cornelius (185/84-ca. 129 B. c.), 46 Scott, Joan W. (b. 1941), 393 Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832), 239, 252, 253
Scylax of Caryanda (ca. 510 b. c.), 25 Seebohm, Sir Frederick (1833-1912),
309
Seeley, Sir John (1834-95), 286, 309 Seidenberg, Roderick, 396 Seignobos, Charles (1854-1942), 277, 370
Selden, John (1584-1654), 193 Seligman, Edwin R. A. (1861-1939),
300
Semler, Johann Salomo (1725-91), 220 Seneca the Elder, C. Aeneas (ca. 55 B. c.-ca. 40 A. D.), 85 Sepulveda, Juan Ginds de (1490-1573), 179
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), 176 Sigebert of Gembloux (ca. 1030-1113), 117, 124, 144
Sigonio, Carlo (1523-84), 159 Simiand, Francois (1873-1935), 339,
360, 375
Sisenna, Lucius Cornelius (120-67 B. c.), 53-54
Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de (1773-1842), 243, 244 Skinner, Quentin (b. 1940), 336 Sklar, Kathryn K. (b. 1939), 393 Sleidanus (Schleiden), Johann Philip (1506-56), 163 Smith, Adam (1723-90), 292 Smith, Henry Nash (b. 1906), 370, 386 Smith, John (1579-1631), 195 Smith, Samuel (1720-76), 198 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 393 Smyth, William (1765-1849), 249 Socrates Scholasticus (ca. 379-ca. 450), 82
Solovyev, Sergei M. (1820-79), 350 Sombart, Werner (1863-1941), 280
Song of the Saxon War, 109 Sosilus (fl. second century b. c.), 49 Sozomen (d. ca. 447), 82 Sparks, Jared (1789-1866), 266, 267 Spartianus, Aelius (an author of Historia Augusta), 75
Spelman, Sir Henry (ca. 1564-1641),
193
Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903), 321 Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936), 326, 397-99
Speroni, Sperone (1500-1588), 188 Stalin (1879-1953), 351-52, 353, 354, 386
Stampp, Kenneth M. (b. 1912), 392 Stilo Praeconinus, Aelius (146-74 B. c.), 53
Stith, William (1689-1755), 197 Stow, John (1525-1605), 174, 175, 176 Strabo (ca. 64/63 b. c.-after a. d. 23),
26, 27
Strada, Famiano (1572-1649), 188 Strype, John (1643-1737), 180 Stubbs, William (1825-1901), 249, 255, 284, 285, 308, 309 Sturmer, Michael (b. 1938), 384 Suetonius, Tranquillus (middle of second century a. d.), 71-72, 98, 99, 115, 174
Suger (abbot of St. Denis; ca. 10811151), 118, 135, 146 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (138-78 B. c.), 52, 55, 57, 59
Sulpicius Severus (d. 420/25), 83, 98 Sybel, Heinrich von (1817-95), 235,
236, 237, 307
Tacitus (56-120), 56, 67-69, 162, 163, 174, 187, 188, 215
Taine, Hippolyte (1828-92), 269, 275, 276, 358
Taylor, A. J. P. (1906-1990), 377 Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre (1881-1955), 402
Tertullian (ca. 155-ca. 222), 79, 80-81 Thales of Miletus (fl, ca, 580 B. c.), 9 Thegan (bishop; contemporary of Louis the Pious), 99-100 Theodoretus (393-ca. 457), 82 Theopompus of Chios (ca. 380 B. c.), 22, 23, 43, 49, 75
Thierry, Amedee (1797-1873), 240 Thierry, J. N. Augustin (1795-1856),
240, 241, 242, 243, 308 Thiers, Adolphe (1787-1877), 242, 243, 245, 262
Thietmar of Merseburg (d. 1018), 109 Thirlwall, Connop (1797-1875), 249 Thompson, Edward P. (d. 1993), 355 Thou, Jacques-Auguste de (1553-1617), 173, 175, 193
Thucydides (ca. 460-after 400 b. c.), 1011, 12-21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30,
33, 38, 46, 55, 62, 174, 186 Thilnen, Johann H. von (1783-1850),
292
Tiberius (Roman emperor; 42 b. c.-a. d. 37), 63
Ticknor, George (1791-1871), 259 Tillemont, Sebastien le Nain de (163798), 194
Tillet, Jean du (d. 1570), 173 Timaeus of Tauromenium (ca. 356~ca. 260 B. C.), 36, 37-38, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 73
Timagenes (contemporary of Augustus), 61, 62, 63
Tocqueville, Alexis de (1805-59), 24647, 322
Toulengeon, Francois E., comte de (1748-1812), 245
Toynbee, Arnold J. (1889-1974), 300, 326, 399-400
Trajan (Roman emperor; 98-117), 66 Trattatisti, 188-90
Treitschke, Heinrich von (1834-96), 235, 236, 238, 263
Trevelyan, George Macaulay (18761962), 269, 286, 406 Trevet, Nicholas (1258-1328), 146 Trevisa, John of (ca. 1326-ca. 1412),
148
Trevor-Roper, Hugh R. (b. 1914), 377 Tribonian (d. 545/47), 164 Troeltsch, Ernst (1865-1923), 329 Trogus, Pompeius (contemporary of Livy), 63, 103
Trumbull, Benjamin (d. 1820), 225 Tubero, Q. Aelius (first century b. c.), 63 Turgot, A. R. Jacques (1727-81), 207, 208, 213, 272
Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861-1932), 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 362, 365, 369-70, 389
Turner, Sharon (1768-1847), 249, 250, 252, 308
Tyler, Moses Coit (1835-1900), 362, 364 Tyndale, William (1492-1536), 168
Ughelli, Ferdinando (1595-1670), 201 Ussher, James (1581-1656), 177, 197
Valens (Roman emperor, 365-78), 73 Valerius, Antias (wrote 80-70 b. c.), 54, 63
Valla, Lorenzo (1407-57), 156, 160,
161, 162, 164
Varchi, Benedetto (1503-65), 158 Varro, Marcus Terrentius (116-27 b. c.), 53, 59, 76, 171
Veblen, Thorstein (1857-1929), 301,
316, 357
Vegio, Maffeo (1407-58), 164 Velleius Paterculus, Marcus (ca. 19 b. c.-ca. A. D. 30), 66, 163 Vergil (70-19 b. c.), 65, 119 Vergil, Polydore (1470-1555), 165, 174, 175
Vertot, Rene Aubert de (1655-1735), 199 Vespasian (Roman emperor, a. d. 69-79), 66
Vico, Giambattista (1668-1744), 201, 203, 204, 205, 210, 211, 213, 222, 241, 342
Vidal de la Blache, Paul (1843-1918), 313, 374
Vignier, Nicholas (1530-96), 181, 182 Villani, Giovanni (ca. 1272-1348), 15152, 155
Villani, Matteo (d. 1363), 152 Villehardouin, Geoffrey of (ca. 1160-ca. 1213), 136
Vincent of Beauvais (1190-1264), 147 Vinogradoff, Paul (1864-1925), 309 Viperano, Giovanni (ca. 1530-1610), 188-89, 190
Voltaire, Frangois-Marie Arouet de (1694-1778), 206, 207, 209, 215,
222
Vopiscus, Flavius (an author of Historia Augusta), 75
Wace (ca. 1100-1170), 119 Wadding, Lucas (1588-1657), 201 Wagner, Fritz (b. 1908), 382 Waitz, Georg (1813-86), 237, 280, 307, 308
Wallerstein, Immanuel (b, 1930), 401 Walsh, William (1913-1986), 335 Walsingham, Thomas (d. 1422), 146, 149 Warren, Mercy Otis (1728-1814), 225, 226, 227
Watson, John B. (1878-1958), 343 Webb, Walter Prescott (1888-1963), 370 Weber, Max (1864-1920), 283, 284,
297, 329, 379
Webster, Noah (1758-1843), 226 Weems, Parson Mason Locke (17591825), 226
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich (b. 1931), 383, 384 Weil, Felix, 353 Welter, Barbara, 393 White, Andrew (1832-1918), 287 White, Hayden (b. 1928), 335 Widukind of Corvei (ca. 925-after 973), 108
William I (king of England, 1066-87), 113
William 11 (king of England, 10871100), 114
William of Apulia (wrote 1095-99), 116 William the Breton (11. early thirteenth century), 118, 136
William of Jumieges (fl. ca. 1070), 113 William of Malmesbury (ca. 1095-1143), 114, 115, 174
William of Newburgh (1136-ca. 1198), 115
William of Poitiers (fi. eleventh century), 113
William of Tyre (ca. 1130-ca. 1183), 134-35, 136
Williams, George Washington (1849-91), 367
Williams, William A. (1921-1990), 390 Willibald (ca. 700-786), 99 Wilson, Woodrow (1856-1924), 345 Wimpheling, Jacob (1450-1528), 163 Windelband, Wilhelm (1848-1915), 281, 282, 283
Winslow, Edward (1595-1655), 196 Winsor, Justin (1831-97), 288 Winthrop, John (1588-1649), 196 Wipo (d. after 1046), 124-25 Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951), 336 Wolf, Friedrich A. (1759-1824), 230,
249
Wolff, Philippe (b. 1913), 376 Wood, John (ca. 1775-1822), 226 Woodson, Carter G. (1875-1950), 368 Woodward, C. Vann (b. 1908), 365, 369 Wrigley, Edward A. (b. 1931), 340 Wundt, Wilhelm (1832-1920), 342 Wycliff, John (ca. 1320-84), 169
Xanthus the Lydian (older contemporary of Herodotus), 10, 25 Xenophon (ca. 431-before 350 B. c.), 22, 25-26, 27, 38, 72
World History
