Bringing reforms and revitalization. Possibly suspected himself of heresy (he did not like the term homoousios, of one substance, concerning the nature of Christ, because it was man-made), he went to the Council of Constantinople in 381 and recited the creed used at Jerusalem, which contained homoousios. He survived the reign of Julian the Apostate without banishment. Cyril’s primary surviving work is the Catecheses, 18 instructional addresses for baptismal candidates during Lent and five for the newly baptized after Easter. The last five are known as the Mystagogic, as they are concerned with mysteries.
Cyrus, Flavius (fl. fifth century c. e.) Praetorian prefect of the East (439-441) and Prefect of the City of Constantinople (439)
From Panopolis in Egypt originally, Cyrus studied architecture and art and wrote poetry. Although generally considered a pagan, he attained influence in the court at CONSTANTINOPLE and the friendship of Empress eudocia, wife of THEODOSIUS II. As Praetorian prefect, he proved both successful and, until 441, immensely popular. Cyrus issued decrees in Greek, rather than Latin, and effected numerous civic improvements, completing the walls of Anthemius, restoring buildings, and installing street lighting. In 441, however, his influence faded with Eudocia’s fall from power. Apparently converted to Christianity, he was then named to the see of a small town in phrygia, where his first sermon contained a mere 37 words.
Cyzicus City in the province of bithynia, located at the neck of a peninsula jutting into the Sea of Marmara.
Cyzicus traditionally served as a major port in the Bosporus region because of its two harbors and its ingenious defense measures. The isthmus could be flooded to halt sieges or attacks from pirates, an event that took place in 21 c. E. The city was a haven for the combatants of the civil war between Antony and Octavian (Augustus). Its increasing power in trade brought merchants into conflict with other parties in time. In 20 B. C.E., Cyzi-cus temporarily suffered the loss of its rights (Libertas), apparently because of the murder of several traders from Rome. Claudius established a mint at Cyzicus, and Hadrian build a large temple, affirming the city’s status as a metropolis. By the third century C. E., its influence stretched throughout Bithynia and into Mysia. Antonia Tryphaena, the widow of the murdered cotys of thrace, lived in Cyzicus.
Cyzicus, battle of An engagement in the fall of 193 C. E. between the legions of Septimius severus and the governor of Asia, Asellius Aemilianus, who supported NIGER in the battle for the throne of Rome. When Severus marched from Rome, Aemilianus tried to stop his advance on the west side of the Bosporus, at Byzantium, failing in his efforts. The governor doubled back to meet the enemy, being ferried to the eastern shore. Near Cyzi-cus the two armies clashed, and Aemilianus was crushed. He died on the field of battle, as did Bithynian support for Niger.
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