The City-States

700 B. C.—335 B. C.

700 B. C. Greek city-states emerge

594 B. C.

Athens expands citizenship

507 B. C. Sparta adopts constitution

490 B. C. Persian Wars begin

(l62) UNIT 4 THE GREEKS

404 B. C. Sparta wins Peloponnesian War

338 B. C. Philip II conquers Greece

CONTENTS

Chapter Focus

Read to Discover

•  Why the polis was the geographic and political center of Greek life.

•  What life was like in the city-states of Sparta and Athens.

•  How the Persian Wars affected Greece.

•  How Athens controlled other city-states.

•  Why the Greek city-states declined.

Chapter Overview

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Terms to Learn

Polis

Acropolis

Agora

Aristocrats

Oligarchy

Constitution

Mercenaries

F

People to Know

Solon

Cleisthenes

Darius

Xerxes

Pericles

Places to Locate

Sparta

Athens

Ionia

Delos

Thebes

Why It's Important The geography of Greece—the mountains and the sea—separated communities from each other. Although these communities spoke the same language and shared many of the same customs, no single community had power over the others. Because of this, people developed a loyalty to the community in which they lived. These communities, known as city-states, became a feature of Greek civilization.

SECTION 1