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17-07-2015, 09:31

General

As far as histories and general reference works are concerned, the following are well worth consulting: 1. E. S. Edwards et al. (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History, vols. 1-4, 3rd edn. (Cambridge, 1971-3); Bruce Trigger et al.. Ancient Egypt: A Social History (Cambridge, 1983); Barry Kemp, Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization (London, 1989); Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 1992); Donald Bedford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton, 1992); Jean Vercoutter, L’Egypte et la vallee du Nil, i. Des origines a la fin de Tancien empire (Paris, 1992); Claude Vander-sleyen, L'Egypte et la vallee du Nil, ii. De la fin de I’ancien empire a la fin du nouvel empire (Paris, 1995): Ian Shaw and Paul Nicholson, The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt (London, 1996); Serge Donadoni (ed.). The Egyptians (Chicago, 1997); Judith Lustig (ed.), Anthropology and Egyptology: A Developing Dialogue (Sheffield, 1997), and Regina Schulz and Matthias Seidel (eds. J, Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs, English edn. ed. Peter Der Manuelian (Cologne, 1998).

There are numerous general works on the art and literature of Egypt and the following are only a small selection: Cyril Aldred, Egyptian Art in the Days of the Pharaohs (London, 1980); Bernard Bothmer et al., Egyptian Sculpture of the Late Period 700 bc to ad 100 (New York, i960); Raymond Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts (Oxford, 1969); Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 3 vols. (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1973-80); Antonio Loprieno (ed.). Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and Forms (Leiden, 1996); Jaromir Marek, Egyptian Art (London, 1999); Richard Parkinson, Voices from Ancient Egypt (London, 1991); William Peck, Egyptian Drawings (New York, 1978); Georges Posener, Litterature et politique dans TEgyptede la XII dynastie (Paris, 1956); Gay Robins, The Art of Ancient Egypt (London, 1997); Heinrich Schafer, Principles of Egyptian Art (Oxford, 1978); Donald Spanel, Through Ancient Eyes: Egyptian Portraiture (Birmingham, Ala., 1988), and William Stevenson Smith, The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, rev. W. Kelly Simpson (Harmondsworth, 1981).

Many articles in periodicals have tackled various aspects of Egyptian religion and ideology, but only a few monographs have dealt with this crucial area of Egyptian culture. Some earlier works still have a great deal to offer, e. g. Henri Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods (Chicago, 1948), and Siegfried Morenz, Egyptian Religion (London, 1973), but the best of the works published over the last twenty years are; Jan Assmann, Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom: Re, Amun and the Crisis of Polytheism (London, 1995); Erik Homung, Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt (Ithaca, NY, 1982), and Idea into Image: Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought (New York, 1992); Stephen Quirke, Ancient Egyptian Religion (London, 1992); John Romer, Valley of the Kings (London, 1981); A. I. Sadek, Popular

Religion in Ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom (Hildesheim, 1988); Byron E. Shafer (ed.), Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths and Personal Practice (London, 1991), and W. Kelly Simpson (ed.). Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt (New Haven, 1989).

There is no shortage of books on Egyptian funerary practices, but the following are probably the most up-to-date and widely available recent publications: Sue D’Auria et al. Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt (Boston, 1988); 1. E. S. Edwards, The Pyramids of Egypt (Harmondsworth, 1985): Erik Homung, The Valley of the Kings (New York 1990); M. Lehner, The Complete Pyramids (London, 1997): Nicholas Reeves, The Valley of the Kings: The Decline of a Royal Necropolis (London, 1990); Nicholas Reeves and Richard Wilkinson, The Complete Valley of the Kings (London, 1996), and Jeffrey Spencer, Death in Ancient Egypt (Harmondsworth, 1982).

Apart from the books on funerary practices mentioned above, a surprisingly small number of works deal with the overall development of Egyptian architecture. Somers Clarke and Reginald Engelbach, Ancient Egyptian Masonry: The Building Craft (Oxford, 1930; repr. New York, 1990, as Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture), is still useful but has been very much replaced by Dieter Arnold, Building in Egypt: Pharaonic Stone Masonry (Oxford, 1991). Alexander Badawy, A History of Egyptian Architecture (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968), and Stevenson Smith, Art and Architecture (see above under the topic of art), are both useful on the more religious and aesthetic aspects of the topic, respectively.

Settlements, society, and material culture are discussed by the following: Manfred Bietak, ‘Urban archaeology and the “Town Problem” in ancient Egypt’, in K. Weeks (ed.), Egyptology and the Social Sciences (Cairo, 1979), 95-144; Morris Bierbrier, Tomb-Builders of the Pharaohs (London, 1982); Barry Kemp, ‘The Early Development of Towns in Egypt’, Antiquity, 51 (1977), 185-200, and Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization (London, 1989); Dominique ValbeUe, Les Ouvriers de la tombe: Deir el-Medineh a Tepoque ramesside (Cairo, 1985), 261-317; Gay Robins, Women in Ancient Egypt (London, 1993), and Paul Nicholson and Ian Shaw (eds.). Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology (Cambridge, 2000).

Major books and articles on ancient Nubia include Bruce Trigger, History and Settlement in Lower Nubia (New Haven, 1965); Fred Wendorf (ed.). The Prehistory of Nubia, 2 vols. (Dallas, Tex., 1968); William Adams, Nubia: Corridor to Aftica (London, 1977); Brigitte Gratien, Les Cultures Kerma: Essai de classification (Lille, 1978); Steffen Wenig, Africa in Antiquity: The Arts of Ancient Nubia and Sudan, 2 vols. (New York, 1978); Gharles Bonnet, Kerma, royaume de Nubie (Vienna, 1992), and ‘Excavations at the Nubian Royal Town of Kerma: , Antiquity, 66 (1992) 6iiff.; Stuart

Tyson Smith, Askut in Nubia (London, 1995): Peter Shinnie, Ancient Nubia (London, 1996): Derek Welsby, The Kingdom of Kush: The Napatan and Meroitic Empires (London, 1996), and Dieter Wildung (ed.), Sudan: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nik (Paris, 1997), the latter being a well-illustrated exhibition catalogue.