This period follows the conquest and/or economic envelopment of the peninsula by Cehpech-using peoples. In our opinion, this interval witnessed the separation between eastern and western Cehpech ceramic spheres (at least at the level of vessel form/shape [Robles and Andrews 1986]), as well as the development of the Sotuta complex at Chichen Itza and its associated satellites. Further supporting this perspective, and arguing for extensive regional diversity, Fernando Robles has identified at least six separate Terminal Classic Cehpech complexes on the peninsula (Robles n. d.).
Interestingly, it is during this time at Chichen Itza that we see the first dedications of what were considered Toltec buildings, diagnostic of the Early Postclassic, or Mexican period, at the site. Krochock (1998) places the earliest hieroglyphic Chichen Itza date at a. d. 832 and the last at 894, information fitting well within our proposed scenario. At this point in time we are inclined to view these phenomena as the beginning of Itza identity. In all probability, this period saw the introduction of the people who have been identified as Toltec or Mexican. While we might not agree with this geographical determination, we do recognize the potential for a population influx and the associated evolving syncretism characterized by this period at Chichen.
In our opinion, this syncretism presents an explanatory avenue for Sotuta ceramic complex development (including the “foreign” ceramic types [Fine Orange wares, Plumbates] and the appearance of what has been labeled “Mexican" architecture [patio quads, large colonnades, etc.]). This in situ Sotuta development accompanied the diminishing importance of public hieroglyphic inscriptions directed at the individual level. Organizationally, we think this influx of new population was a catalyst in the Itza’s move away from individual rulership and toward the institution of multepal.
Others before us (Andrews IV 1970; Brainerd 1958; Smith 1971; Lincoln 1986) have argued for early and late Sotuta phases. Winemiller and Cobos (1999) go even further, suggesting an early period of a. d. 750-900. We agree with the latter’s dating and also believe that structures such as the Akab’ Dzib, Monjas. Sub-Castillo, Monjas Complex, Temple of the Chac Mool, and the High Priest s grave, to name but a few, were erected during this early period (Suhler and Freidel 1995; Ardren and Suhler 1999). In a small point of deviation, we would posit an initial Cehpech phase developing into Sotuta complex at Chichen Itza.
World History
