Conclusion

The issue of the relationship of society and religion is a modern problem, one legacy of Christianity to modern scholarship - which is not to say that we should not pose the question of the ancient Greeks. For the Greeks the comparable but not identical problem had to do, rather, with the coherence of political life, of which religion was an integral part. The general coherence of religion with ancient ‘‘political society’’ is manifest; but it is equally obvious that religious observance provides ample scope for conflict as well. Religion is part of society, but it is a dynamic and its impulses may or may not be consonant with prevailing social structures.

GUIDE TO FURTHER READING

For the coherence of society and religion see Durkheim 1912; for further assessment and a survey of other work pertaining to religion and society, see (e. g.) M. Hamilton 2001 (109-21 on Durkheim). On Greek religion and society see generally Sourvinou-Inwood 1988b, 1990, and Parker 1996 and 2005. For religious utopianism and the City of God see Deane 1973 and Wolin 2004:86-114. For religious activism in America see Corbett and Corbett 1999. For the history of the idea of society see Mayhew 1968-79. For the history of sociology see Goulds-blom and Heilbron 2001. On science and religion, see Ferngren 2002. For the problem of the relationship between orders of knowledge and socio-political orders in ancient Greece see Ober 1998. For the exceptional nature of Athens see Brock and Hodkinson 2003.

For philosophers and religion in general, see Burkert 1985:305-37. For the ‘‘embedded’’ concept of society and economy see Austin and Vidal-Naquet 1977:3-28. For Herodotus and religion see Mikalson 2003; for Thucydides on religion, see Hornblower 1992. For the history of the idea of politics see Meier 1990, and for social contract theory see, e. g., Levin 1973.

My account of Athenian society relies chiefly on Aristotle’s discussion in the Politics: see Hedrick 1994. On the family see Patterson 1998; on Greek slaves, Garlan 1988 and Vidal-Naquet 1986:159-67; on metics, Whitehead 1977; on children, Golden 1990 and Neils and Oakley 2003. For the Citizenship Law of Pericles see Boegehold 1993, and for citizens see Manville 1990. For class and birth status, see Ober 1989:192-292 and for the ‘‘liturgical class’’ see Davies 1971, 1984.

For group worship as performative see various writings by Victor Turner, e. g. 1974. For general treatments of Athenian festivals see Deubner 1932 and Parke 1977. For priesthoods, ancient and modern, see Burkert 1985:95-8. For the Athenian religious codes, see Parker 1996:43-55, 218-20. For the Panathenaea see Neils 1996; for the Greater Dionysia see the various essays collected in Winkler and Zeitlin 1990, particularly that by Winkler and that co-authored by Ober and Strauss; for the Anthesteria and Choes see R. Hamilton 1992; for Brauron see Faraone 2003, and for dedications to Artemis of Brauron on the Acropolis see Linders 1972. For ephebes see Vidal-Naquet 1986:106-28. For the Thesmophoria see Winkler 1990a:188-209. On Lysistrata and Lysimache see Lewis 1955. For Kynosarges and metics see Humphreys 1974. For Bendis, Isis, and Aphrodite, see Jones 1999:42-3, 259-62. For slaves and the Kronia see Garlan 1988:198-9.

For urban versus rural in general see the books by N. F. Jones, including 1987, 1999 and 2004. For demes see Whitehead 1986 (with deme calendars at 185-207). For rural religious associations see Lewis 1963; for the urban and rural recapitulation of festivals see Henrichs 1990. For the centralization of cults, see Hedrick 1988, esp. 207. On phratries and gene; see the concise statements at Parker 1996:56-66, 104-8, and 284-327, as well as Jones 1999:195220, 242-9.

For lamentation see Alexiou 1974, Humphreys 1983, and, more recently, the various essays in Lardinois and McClure 2001.

The bibliography on the ‘‘voluntary associations’’ is far out of date. The standard overview is by Poland 1909. Ferguson 1944 is a fine essay on the orgeOines. The best recent resources are Jones 1999:307-10 and Parker 1996:333-42.