Contents

Miguel Angel Corzo Neville Agnew

Vii Foreword

Ix Preface

Duan Wenjie

Huang Kezhong

Fan Jinshi

Neville Agnew Huang Kezhong

Sharon Sullivan 28

Xiii  Site Map of the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang

Xiv  Map of the Silk Road

Xvi  China Dynasty Table

1 Dunhuang Art: The Treasure of the Silk Road

4  An Overview of Protection of Grottoes in China

12  Fifty Years of Protection of the Dunhuang Grottoes

23 Projects of the Getty Conservation Institute and the State Bureau of Cultural Relics

The Mogao and Yungang Grottoes

KEYNOTE ADDRESS

The Management of Ancient Chinese Cave Temples A Site-Management Training Course at the Yungang Grottoes

Robertson E. Collins Senake Bandaranayake

41 Management of Tourism at Buddhist Sites

46

Jeffrey W. Cody 56

Stephen Rickerby 62

The Dambulla Rock Temple Complex, Sri Lanka Ten Years of Management, Research, and Conservation

Site-Management Lessons from Canyon de Chelly, Lascaux, Sigiriya, and Bamian

The Role of Documentation in Defining Conservation Strategies at Grotto Sites

Benita Johnson Sharon Gather

Cynthia Luk Ingrid Neuman James Martin Cynthia Kuniej Berry Judy Greenfield

Lore Erwine Fleming

67  Conservation Survey of the Tam Ting Caves

82  KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Complexity and Communication:

Principles of In Situ Conservation

95 The Treatment of Two Chinese Wall Painting Fragments

105 Paintings on Silk and Paper from Dunhuang at the British Museum Conservation Methods

Eric Gordon 112 Conservation Treatment of Two Ming Dynasty Temple Wall Paintings

Gao Nianzu Jia Ruiguang Wang Jinyu

120 Research on Protection of Ancient Floor Tiles in the Mogao Grottoes

Sally Malenka  127 A Chinese Wall Painting and a Palace Hall Ceiling

Beth A. Price  Materials, Technique, and Conservation

Constance S. Silver  139 The Conservation of Tempera Mural Paintings

And Architectural Finishes

Robert E. Englekirk  147 KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Geotechnical Issues in the Conservation of Sites

Sun Rujian  159 Review of Stabilization Projects at the Mogao Grottoes

Jiang Huaying Huang Kezhong

170 Stabilization and Consolidation of the Kizil Grottoes

Zhong Shihang 181

Application of Cartridge-Type Grouting in Grotto Conservation

Yi Wuzhi Lang Xiangui

187 Techniques for Reinforcement of the Maijishan Grottoes

Li Zuixiong Neville Agnew Po-Ming Lin

194 Chemical Consolidation of Conglomerate and Sand at the Mogao Grottoes

Ling Yuquan Qu Jianjun Fan Jinshi Li Yunhe

213 Research into the Control of Damage by Windblown Sand at the Mogao Grottoes

Po-Ming Lin Neville Agnew Li Yunhe Wang Wanfu

227 Desert-Adapted Plants for Control of Windblown Sand

Akito Uchida 235 Conservation of the Engraved Rock Wall in the Temiya Cave, Japan

Nobuaki Kuchitsu Duan Xiuye

244 Geological Environment of the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang

Gerd Gudehus Thomas Neidhart

249 Geotechnical Stability Problems of the Dafosi Grotto

Jacques Brunet Jean Vouve Philippe Malaurent

259 KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Conservation of Subterranean Historic and Prehistoric Monuments

The Importance of the Environment and Microclimate

Christos S. Christoforou Lynn G. Salmon Glen R. Cass

270 Deposition of Atmospheric Particles within the Yungang Grottoes

Christos S. Christoforou Lynn G. Salmon Timothy J. Gerk Glen R. Cass

279 Control of Particle Deposition within the Yungang Grottoes

Sadatoshi Miura Tadateru Nishiura Zhang Yongjun Wang Baoyi Li Shi

294 Microclimate of Cave Temples 53 and 194, Mogao Grottoes

Shin Maekawa Zhang Yongjun Wang Baoyi Fu Wenli Xue Ping

301 Environmental Monitoring at the Mogao Grottoes

Zhong Shihang 314 A Nondestructive Method for Determining Weathering Huang Kezhong and Consolidation of Stone

He Ling Ma Tao Rolf Snethlage Eberhard Wendler

320 Investigations of the Deterioration and Conservation of the Dafosi Grotto

Nobuaki Kuchitsu Duan Xiuye Chie Sano Guo Hong Li Jun

329 Color Change of Pigments in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang

Ian N. M. Wainwright Elizabeth A. Moffatt P. Jane Sirois Gregory S. Young

334 Analysis of Wall Painting Fragments from the Mogao and the Bingling Temple Grottoes

Michael R. Schilling Li Jun Li Tie Chao Guo Hong Li Zuixiong Duan Xu Xe

341 Color Measurement at the Mogao Grottoes

Francesca Pique 348 Scientific Examination of the Sculptural Polychromy

Of Cave 6 at Yungang

Zhou Guoxin Zhang Jianquan Cheng Huaiwan

362 Pigment Analysis of Polychrome Statuary and Wall Paintings of the Tiantishan Grottoes

Robert H. Brill Csilla Felker-Dennis Hiroshi Shirahata Emile C. Joel

369 Lead Isotope Analyses of Some Chinese and Central Asian Pigments

Hans G. Wiedemann Gerhard Bayer

379 Formation and Stability of Chinese Barium Copper-Silicate Pigments

Wu Y. Onggi Zhou Tie Zhang Zhijun Erwin Emmerling Cristina Thieme

388 The Polychrome Terra-cotta Army of the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang

395 Contributors

404 Illustration Credits