Bibliographical Essay

For introductions to Greek tragedy, which have useful bibliographies, see M. McDonald, The Living Art of Greek Tragedy (Bloomington, IN: 2003; repr. 2004) and J. M. Walton, Living Greek Theatre: A Handbook of Classical Performance and Modern

Production (New York: 1987). The Cambridge History of Classical Literature has one volume in particular that provides general background and information about the origin and context of tragedy: 1.2, ‘Greek Drama’, P. E. Easterling and B. M.W. Knox (eds.) (Cambridge: 1989; repr. 1993), pp. 1-93 and 174-188. R. Scodel, ‘Drama and Rhetoric’, in S. E. Porter (ed.), Handbook of Classical Rhetoric in the Hellenistic Period: 330 BC-A. D. 400 (Leiden: 2001), pp. 489-504, covers Aeschylus through Seneca, but surprisingly excludes fourth-century tragedy (even noting the genre flourished), given the range of Porter’s volume. Essential on fourth-century tragedy is G. Xanthakis-Karamanos, Studies in Fourth-Century Tragedy (Athens: 1980), who discusses Theodectes, besides Astydamas and Aphareus (pp. 59-70), as well as quotes from the tragedies to illustrate ‘Legal Distinctions’ (Theodectes’ Alcmeon and Orestes), ‘Dramatic Debates’ (Theodectes’ Alcmeon and Ajax and Moschion’s Pher-aioi), and ‘Scenes of Dramatic Trials’ (Theodectes’ Orestes, Lynceus and Helen, and Carcinus’ Medea). For oratory as performance and its relation to Greek drama, see E. Fantham, ‘Orator and/et Actor’, in P. E. Easterling and E. Hall (eds.), Greek and Roman Actors: Aspects of an Ancient Profession (Cambridge: 2002),pp. 362-376 and R. P. Martin, ‘Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture’, in M. McDonald and J. M. Walton (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Theatre (Cambridge: 2007), Chap. 2. For a stylistic analysis of tragedy with parallels to Aristotle’s Rhetoric and the orators, and the influence of tragedy on oratory, see V. Bers, ‘Tragedy and Rhetoric’, in Ian Worthington (ed.), Persuasion: Greek Rhetoric in Action (London: 1994), pp. 176-195 and Speech in Speech: Studies in Incorporated Oratio Recta in Attic Drama and Oratory (Lanham, MD: 1997). R. G.A. Buxton, Persuasion in Greek Tragedy: A Study ofPeitho (Cambridge: 1982) and W. B. Stanford, Greek Tragedy and the Emotions: An Introductory Study (London: 1983) usefully discuss these two vital elements in Greek tragedy and the rhetoricians.