The majority of the new shapes in Anatolian Grey Ware in the first ceramic phase of Troia VI can be dated to MH III, but some point to MH II and yet others to LH I. The Lianokladhi goblet is a good yard stick, because its typological development on the Greek mainland is known; the Trojan examples are similar to its later variants.582 The Pteleon goblet is not so well understood in Greece, but the Trojan semiglobular cup has LH I parallels on the Greek mainland.583 There are some ceramic imports in this phase but no firm date has been established for them yet.
There are also some C579 dates from burnt grain and charcoal found within an oval house in area K8, but their combined range around 1900 B. C. is too early584 The oven has been cut into a burned Troy IV layer and since the dates are so high, it is possible that the grains were re-deposited and are in fact also Troy IV. However, in 2001 two adult graves belonging clearly to the end of the first Troia VI ceramic phase
6 Pavuk 2005, 271-272, pl. LXVa, with further references. A good example has also been published by D. Easton (1993, 65 fig. 25). Easton suggested Keos as a place of origin for this type of pottery, but new excavations showed this unlikely.
7 Blegen et al. 1953, fig. 382: 1-3 (Mattpainted VI b/c). However, the majority of the mattpainted sherds at Troia are from the next ceramic phase.
8 Tan Ware is the topic of a dissertation in progress by W. Rigter.
9 Korfmann, Krommer 1993, Abb. 1.
Troia the table relies on the results of Maran (1998), Mountjoy (1997; 1999) and Pavuk (this volume). For Central Anatolia the Middle chronology is used. The Hittite dates are based on McMahon (1989, 64) and the Assyrian dates on Veenhof (2000)
Were found in area A7.18 The C14 dates (this time on the human bones) again turned out to be too early for the current chronological scheme based on pottery. Material for more C14 dates was collected in summer 2003 and the results will be presented in a future volume of Studia Troica.
On the basis only of the Grey Ware one can at most speculate that Troia VI starts in MH II. It cannot be earlier, because of the presence of the Lianokladhi goblet, a shape which does not occur in MH I on the Greek mainland. A starting date for Troia VI in the 19th century would for example fit the MH II dating of similar oval houses in Liman Tepe near Izmir.585 However, there still remains the mid-18th century Minoan jug, which should be either late Troia V or earliest Troia VI and the 19th century Troia V graves in D20. Moreover, if a 19th century date for the beginning of Troia VI is accepted, there would remain barely a 100 years for Troia V, which itself has 3-4 architectural phases! Despite these uncertainties, it still seems most likely that Troia VI started somewhere on the turn of MH II and MH III periods on the Greek mainland, that is somewhere around 1750 B. C. on the high Aegean chronology.
Dating of the other Troia VI phases
The second ceramic phase is less contradictory but also has fewer fixed points for dating it. The Anatolian ribbed bowls mentioned above show a wide variety of subtypes, but since Troia is the only well stratified and published site in NW Anatolia, we cannot date them via analogies from other sites. The later variant of the semiglobular cups, the shape of which recalls similar LH I-LH IIA cups on the Greek mainland, is more helpful. At Samothrace, they postdate the deposits with Minoan roundels of a possible MM III date.586 Mycenaean pottery itself did not appear at Troia yet. As regards imports, Blegen found one sherd with creamy white paint, which he identified as Kamares Ware and dated by a somewhat circular argument to be pre-MM III.587
Unfortunately, the published photograph does not help much in this respect and the context is also somewhat mixed.
Blegen’s finds of Mattpainted pottery are likewise not very useful. They start in the second ceramic phase and continue into the third and possibly later. The majority come from the third ceramic phase, that is VI-Middle; some pieces are poly-chrome.588 Despite Blegen’s optimism they offer little help in dating, because nobody has inspected them since the 1950s and the published photographs are not very clear. R. Buck, in his seminal work on Mattpainted pottery, refers to them only in passing and describes them as Middle Helladic.589 This is hard to believe, because the third ceramic phase at Troia most probably dates to LH IIA and LH IIB, a date derived from the associated Mycenaean pottery.590 Moreover, during the past 10-15 years it has become clear that there is such a wide variety of Mattpaint-ed wares on the Greek mainland that a new inspection of the Trojan examples is absolutely necessary in order to identify and date them.
The fourth ceramic phase corresponds largely to Blegens VI-Late, more specifically to his phases VIg and VIh. Their dating depends likewise largely on the dates for the associated Mycenaean pottery. The Ble-gen finds were recently re-assessed by P. Mountjoy and the results are as follows: Troia VIg = LH IIIA1 and Troia VIh = LH IIIA2.591
A massive program of C14 dating has also been started at Troia, but the second half of the second millennium has not yet been evaluated properly. The results so far suggest that the dates for Late Troia VI and for Troia VIIa and VIIb do not contradict the generally proposed absolute dates derived from the Mycenaean pottery.592 Unfortunately they do not refine the Mycenaean dates, nor can they implement a decision in favour of the high or the traditional Aegean chronology, because the samples are mostly charcoal and, at a site with such a complicated stratigraphy as Troia, the risk that some of them may be out of original context cannot be ruled out.
18 Korfmann 2002, 18 Abb. 16. For further discussion see also Pavuk 2007.
19 Erkanal, Gunel 1995, 275 §ek. 4 (Liman tepe). For the Trojan VIa oval house in the Area K8 cf. Easton, Weninger 1993, fig. 15 and passim.
20 The large bibliography on the site of Mikro Vouni and the latest results are summarized in Matsas 2004. I would like to thank Dr. Matsas for showing me his finds and discussing them with me on several occasions.
21 Blegen et al. 1953, fig. 360:11. The identification is not cer-
Correlating the Trojan sequence with central Anatolia is less easy as there are very few datable material connections. The only way this can be achieved is to turn to absolute dates. High Aegean chronology has been used in this article but the decision between the use of “high” and “traditional or low” chronology is an arbitrary one in this case. One should, however, bear in mind, that when correlating absolute dates between the Aegean and Central Anatolia, the low Aegean chronology should be compared with the low Anatolian chronology and the high Aegean chronology with the middle Anatolian chronology.593
Conclusions
To conclude, Troia IV is contemporary with EH III and overlaps with MMIa. Troia V covers most of the Aegean MBA, that is MH I and MH II. The first ceramic phase of Troia VI (Blegen Phase VIa) corresponds roughly to MH III, the second phase (Ble-gen VI b/c) to LH I and the third phase (Blegen’s Troia VId, VIe and VIf) to LH IIA and LH IIB. Finally, the fourth ceramic phase of Troia VI (Blegen’s VIg and VIh) dates to LH IIIA1 and LH IIIA2.
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