Ambrosiani, Bjorn. “Royal manors and towns in central Sweden.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E. Knirk, 247-53. Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9. Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987.
-. “Birka: A planted town serving an increasing agricultural population.”
In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Arhus, 24-31 August 1977, edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 19-24. Odense: Odense University Press, 1981.
Ambrosiani, Bjorn, and Helen Clarke, eds. Early Investigations and Future Plans. Birka Studies, 1. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieambetet och Statens His-toriska Museer, 1992.
-. Investigations in the Black Earth 1990. Birka Studies, 2. Stockholm:
Riksantikvarieambetet och Statens Historiska Museer, 1995.
Arwidsson, Greta. “Viking society in central Sweden: Traditions, organization and economy.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6-9, 1977, edited by Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred, 154-60. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978.
Avdusin, D. “Smolensk and the Varangians according to the archaeological data.” Norwegian Archaeological Review 2 (1969): 52-62.
Blindheim, Charlotte. “The emergence of urban communities in Viking Age Scandinavia.” In The Vikings, edited by R. T. Farrell, 42-69. London: Phillimore, 1982.
-. “Trade problems in the Viking Age: Some reflections on insular metalwork found in Norwegian graves of the Viking Age.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6-9, 1977, edited by Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred, 166-76. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978.
Brisbane, Mark A., ed. The Archaeology of Novgorod, Russia: Recent Results from the Town and its Hinterland. Lincoln: Society for Medieval Archaeology, 1992.
Callmer, Johan. “Urbanization in Scandinavia and the Baltic region c. AD 700-1100: Trading places, centres and early urban sites.” In The Twelfth
Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Bjorn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 50-90. Birka Studies, 3. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieambetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994.
-. “The archaeology of Kiev to the end of the earliest urban phase.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 11 (1987): 323-53.
Clarke, Helen, and Bjorn Ambrosiani. Towns in the Viking Age. Rev. ed. London: Leicester University Press, 1995.
Clarke, Howard B. “Proto-towns and towns in Ireland and Britain in the ninth and tenth centuries.” In Ireland and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age, edited by Howard B. Clarke et al., 331-80. Dublin: Four Courts, 1998.
Feveile, Claus. “The latest news from Viking Age Ribe: Archaeological excavations 1993.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Bjorn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 91-99. Birka Studies, 3. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieambetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994.
Helle, Knut. “Descriptions of Nordic towns and town-like settlements in early literature.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Bjorn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 20-31. Birka Studies, 3. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieambetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994.
Jensen, Stig. The Vikings of Ribe. Ribe: Den antikvariske Samling, 1991.
Martens, Irmelin. “Iron extraction, settlement and trade in the Viking and early Middle Ages in south Norway.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E. Knirk, 69-80. Universitets Old-saksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9. Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987.
Noonan, Thomas S. “The Vikings in the East: Coins and commerce.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Bjorn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 215-36. Birka Studies, 3. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieambetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994.
O Riordain, Breandan. “The High Street excavations.” In Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress, Dublin, 15-21 August 1973, edited by Bo Almqvist and David Greene, 135-41. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1976.
O Riordain, Breandan, Elisabeth Okasha, G. R. Coope, and Hilary Murray. “Aspects of Viking Dublin.” In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Arhus, 24-31 August 1977, edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 43-68. Odense: Odense University Press, 1981.
De Paor, Liam. “The Viking towns of Ireland.” In Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress, Dublin, 15-21 August 1973, edited by Bo Almqvist and David Greene, 29-37. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1976.
Resi, Heid Gj0stein. “Reflections on Viking Age local trade in stone products.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E. Knirk, 95-102. Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9. Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987.
Sawyer, P. H. “Wics, kings and Vikings.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6-9, 1977, edited by Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred, 23-31. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978.
Skovgaard-Petersen, Inge. “The historical context of the first towns in northern and eastern Europe.” In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Arhus, 24-31 August 1977, edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 9-18. Odense: Odense University Press, 1981.
Stalsberg, Anne. “Women as actors in North European Viking Age trade.” In Social Approaches to Viking Studies, edited by Ross Samson, 75-83. Glasgow: Cruithne, 1991.
Wallace, Patrick. “Ireland’s Viking towns.” In The Vikings in Ireland, edited by Anne-Christine Larsen, 37-50. Roskilde: The Viking Ship Museum, 2001.
-. “The layout of later Viking Age Dublin: Indications of its regulation and
Problems of continuity.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E. Knirk, 271-85. Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9. Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987.
World History
